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ÃÒ¥æ©Ò«¤j°T®§¤½§i (6446)ÃĵØÃĤ½§i¥»¤½¥q¦V¬ü°êFDA¥Ó½ÐP1101¥Î©óªvÀø¯u©Ê¬õ¦å²y¼W¥Í¯g(Polycythemia Vera)¤§²Ä¤T´ÁÁ{§É¸ÕÅç¡A¤wÀòFDA®Öã¡C 1.¨Æ¹êµo¥Í¤é:103/07/21 2.¤½¥q¦WºÙ:ÃĵØÂåÃĪѥ÷¦³¤½¥q 3.»P¤½¥qÃö«Y(½Ð¿é¤J¥»¤½¥q©ÎÁpÄݤ½¥q):¥»¤½¥q 4.¬Û¤¬«ùªÑ¤ñ¨Ò(Y«e¶µ¬°¥»¤½¥q¡A½Ð¶ñ¤£¾A¥Î):¤£¾A¥Î 5.µo¥Í½t¥Ñ:¥»¤½¥q¦V¬ü°êFDA¥Ó½ÐP1101¥Î©óªvÀø¯u©Ê¬õ¦å²y¼W¥Í¯g(Polycythemia Vera)¤§²Ä¤T´ÁÁ{§É¸ÕÅç(IND½s¸¹119047)¡A¤wÀòFDA¥¿¦¡³qª¾¥i«öpµe¶i¦æ(¥ç§Y¬ü°êFDA®Öã±µ¨ü¦b¼Ú¬w¶i¦æ¤§²Ä¤T´ÁÁ{§É¸ÕÅçpµe)¡C 6. ¦]À³±¹¬I:¶i¦æ¤½§i¡C 7.¨ä¥LÀ³±Ô©ú¨Æ¶µ: (1)¥»¤½¥q«e©ó102¦~9¤ë26¤é»P¬ü°êFDA¶i¦æPre-IND meeting¡A·|¤¤FDA©xû«Øij¥»¤½¥q¥i¿ï¾Ü¶È¥H¦b¼Ú¬w¶i¦æ¤§PROUD-PV trail(§YP1101¥Î©óªvÀø¯u©Ê¬õ¦å²y¼W¥Í¯g²Ä¤T´ÁÁ{§É¸ÕÅç)¼Æ¾Úµ²ªG¡A³w°e¬ü°êFDA¥Ó½ÐÃÄÃÒ¡C (2)PROUD-PV trail«Y¥»¤½¥q±ÂÅv(Out-Licensing)¹Ù¦ñAOP¤½¥q¦b¼Ú¬w¶i¦æ¤§²Ä¤T´ÁÁ{§É¸ÕÅç¡F¸g»PAOP¤½¥q¨ó°Ó«áij©w¡A¥Ñ¥»¤½¥q©e°UAOP¤½¥q¾á¥ôCROÅU°Ý¡A¨ó§U¬ü°êIND¥Ó½Ð°e¥ó¨Æ©y¡C
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AOP¥X³f¥H¤ÎÀ禬»{¦C¬ÛÃö°ÝÃD 2019.05.19 Q : ¤½¥q3¤ë¥÷©M5¤ë¥÷¦³¥X³f¡A¦]¬°¤½¥qÀ禬¬O¥H¥X³f»{¦C¡A½Ð°Ý¦~©³¥H«eÁÙ·|¥X³f¶Ü? ·|ªº¡A¦~©³«e·|¥X³f¡C .......¥»¤½¥q¤W¥b¦~ªº¥X³f¶q¬OAOPªì¦ô¨ä¦b¼w¡B¶ø [¤U¥b¦~] ªº»Ý¨D¶q¡C¦b3¤ë¤Î5¤ëªº¥X³f«á¡AAOPn¨D§ÚÌn¦b2019¦~¦~©³¥H«e¤@¦¸©Ê¥X³f.....AOP ¤½¥q»P¼Ú·ù¦U°ê·|³°Äò½Í§´»ù®æ¡A¥¼¨Ó¹ï¼Ú¬w¥X³fÀW²v·|«ùÄòéw増¥[¡C ÀR«Ý¤µ¦~ªº²Ä3²Ä4¦¸¥X³f! |
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±q2019¦~9¤ë15¤é°_¡ABESREMi®¡]ropeginterferon alfa-2b¡^±N¦b¼w°ê¥«³õ¤W¾P°â - www.pressetext.com/nfs/242/716/pdf/0.pdf Ab dem 15. September 2019 ist BESREMi® (Ropeginterferon alfa-2b) auf dem deutschen Markt verfügbar - als erstes zugelassenes Interferon alfa 2-b in Polycythaemia Vera (PV). ©Ò¥H8¤ë±¾0«Ü¥¿±`! |
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¤H°Ú¡A¬O°·§Ñªº¡A¤Ó²³æ¨ú±oªº¸ê°T±`±`¹L¥Ø§Y§Ñ¡A¤£°µµ§°Oªº¸Ü¡A¥u¦³¦Û¤vªá®É¶¡°µ¥\½Ò§äªº¸ê®Æ¤~·|°O±o §Ú¦Û¤v§ä¹L¸ê®Æ¡A©Ò¥H°O±o¡A¤½¥qÁ{§É¹êÅç¯f±¡§ïµ½Ã©w«áBESREMI¥i¥H§ï¦¨¤@Ó¤ë¤@°w ·PÁÂWalden¤j±zªº´£¿ô¡A§Ú¤w¸g§ä¨ìBESREMI¼Ú¬w¥é³æ¡A¤w¥J²Ó¬ãŪ¦b¥é³æ¤WBESREMIªº¾¯¶q¬O¦p¦ó«Øij¨Ï¥Î ¥t¥~¤]§ä¨ìBESREMI¥Ø«e¦b¼Ú¬w³c°âªº¥]¸Ë¾¯¶q «·s°µ¥\½Ò¤~µoı¦Û¤v¤]§âª©¤W¨ä¥L¤j¤j´¿´£¨Ñ¹Lªº¸ê®Æ³£§Ñ¤F ¤Ó²³æ¨ú±oªº¸ê°T±`±`¹L¥Ø§Y§Ñ¡A¥H«án°µµ§°O¤F ¤WÓ¤ëªìª©¤W¨ä¥Lª©¤Í¤~°Q½×¹Lªº¡A·PÁ¤WÓ¤ëªìª©¤W¤j¤j̤À¨ÉªºBESREMI°â»ù ³oÓ»ù®æ¼Æ¦r¬Oªá®É¶¡¦bªO¤W«·s§ä¹L¤@¦¸±o¨Óªº¡A§Ú¤£·|¦A§Ñ°O¤F |
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Spotlight on Emerging Agents for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms »EµJ°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½Fªº·s¿³ÃĪ« From Medscape Education Oncology Authors: John Mascarenhas, MD; Robyn M. Scherber, MD, MPH; Srdan Verstovsek, MD, PhD Faculty and Disclosures CME / ABIM MOC Released: 9/6/2019 ºK¿ý¨ä¤¤¡G ¤@¡BDr Verstovsek: What do we use as a front line? Typically, that would be hydroxyurea, but the guidelines also say, Or interferon, and I would say in common practice, interferon is preferred for younger people. Verstovsek³Õ¤h¡G§Ú̥Τ°»ò§@¬°«e½u¡H³q±`¡A³o±N¬Oßm°ò脲¡A¦ý«ü«n¤]»¡¡A¡§©Î°®ÂZ¯À¡¨¡A§Ú·|»¡¡A¦b³q±`ªº°µªk¡A¤zÂZ¯À¬O¦~»´¤Hªºº¿ï¡C ¤G¡BRobyn M. Scherber, MD, MPH: In the second-line setting, if we¡¦ve only tried 1 agent, often we¡¦ll try another that we would have otherwise considered as an upfront agent. So if I have a patient on hydroxyurea, I might also consider interferon as a next line, or if I¡¦ve had a patient on interferon, I might try hydroxyurea Robyn M. Scherber¡AÂå¾Ç³Õ¤h¡A¤½¦@½Ã¥ÍºÓ¤h¡G¦b¤G½u³]¸m¤¤¡A¦pªG§ÚÌ¥u¹Á¸Õ¤F¤@Ó¥N²z¤H¡A§Ú̳q±`·|¹Á¸Õ¥t¤@Ó§ÚÌ쥻»{¬°¬O«e´Á¥N²z¤Hªº¥N²z¤H¡C©Ò¥H¦pªG§Ú±w¦³ßm°ò脲¡A§Ú¤]¥i¯à·|¦Ò¼{¤zÂZ¯À§@¬°¤U¤@¦æ¡A©ÎªÌ¦pªG§Ú±w¦³°®ÂZ¯Àªº±wªÌ¡A§Ú¥i¯à·|¹Á¸Õßm°ò脲 ¤T¡BDr Verstovsek: Now, the ET perhaps, just to touch base on that part, is the least explored for new therapies, but there is an agent that may have a role there, and we¡¦re going to be talking next about interferons of different types, which are being studied in PV. But maybe in future in ET as well. Verstovsek³Õ¤h¡G²{¦b¡AET©Î³\¥u¬OIJ¤Î¨ºÓ³¡¤Àªº°ò¦¡A¬O·sÀøªk¤¤±´¯Á³Ì¤Öªº¡A¦ý¬O¦³¤@Ó¥i¯à¦b¨º¸Ìµo´§§@¥Îªº¥N²z¤H¡A§Ú̱µ¤U¨Ó·|½Í½×¤zÂZ¯À¤£¦PÃþ«¬ªº¡A¥¿¦b¬ã¨sPV¡C¦ý¤]³\±N¨Ó¤]·|¦bET¤¤¥X²{¡C ¥|¡BDr Mascarenhas: That¡¦s a good segue to ropeginterferon, which is an interferon-alpha 2B, and this is a monopegylated form of interferon, and therefore it can be dosed less frequently. So, every 2 weeks. The toxicity profile that we¡¦ve elaborated on with traditional interferon, or peginterferon may be better, although not compared head-to-head. There are data from the PROUD-PV and the CONTI-PV study that¡¦s shown on this slide that a significant proportion of patients, particularly when followed beyond a year, can achieve responses that include the traditional complete hematologic response, and symptom improvement, and importantly as a biomarker for disease modification, reductions that are significant in the JAK2-V617F allele burden. Mascarenhas³Õ¤h¡G³o¬O¤@ºØ«Ü¦nªºÃ·¯Á¤zÂZ¯À¡A¥¦¬O¤@ºØ¤zÂZ¯À-£\2B¡A³o¬O¤@ºØ³æPEG¤Æ§Î¦¡ªº¤zÂZ¯À¡A¦]¦¹¥¦ªºµ¹ÃÄÀW²v¸û§C¡C©Ò¥H¡A¨C¨â¶g¤@¦¸¡C§Ú̥ζDzΤzÂZ¯À©Î»E¤A¤G¾J¤zÂZ¯À¸Ô²ÓÄÄzªº¬r©Ê¯S¼x¥i¯à§ó¦n¡A¾¨ºÞ¨S¦³¶i¦æÀY¹ïÀY¤ñ¸û¡C¨Ó¦Û¥»¤Û¿O¤ù¤WªºPROUD-PV©MCONTI-PV¬ã¨sªº¼Æ¾Úªí©ú¡A¬Û·í¤@³¡¤À±wªÌ¡A¤×¨ä¬O¶W¹L¤@¦~ªº±wªÌ¡A¥i¥HÀò±o¥]¬A¶Ç²Îªº§¹¥þ¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³©M¯gª¬§ïµ½ªº¤ÏÀ³¡A¨Ã¥B«nªº¬O§@¬°¯e¯f×¹¢ªº¥Íª«¼Ð»xª«¡A´î¤Ö¦bJAK2-V617Fµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²ü¤¤ÅãµÛ |
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ª×ÄË (Optum)¦ôp¬ü°êPVÃÄÃҮɶ¡¸¨ÂI? professionals.optumrx.com/content/dam/optum3/professional-optumrx/news/outlook/ORX6204_190816_B2B-NEWSLETTER_RxOutlook_2019Q3_FINAL.pdf ropeginterferon 1H2020 Yes Yes (2020¦~ªºªí¦C®É¶¡½d³ò¦³°Ï¤À¦¨:3Q2020 /2H2020 / 4Q2020/ 2020 /Late 2020) OptumRx:¬O¤@¶¡ÃÄ«~ºÖ§QºÞ²z¤½¥q¡A¬OºW±Û©óÂåÀø«OÀI¤½¥q¡B¯f±w¡BÂåÀø°|©Ò»PÃĩФ§¶¡ªº¾÷ºc¡A³z¹L¤â¤¤¤j¶qªº¯f±w¸ê°T¡A¼f®ÖÃÄ«~³B¤è¤ÎÂå«O¤½¥qªº«O³æ¡A±q¦ÓºÞ±±Âå«O¤½¥qªº«O¶O¤ä¥X¡A¨Ã´£¨Ñ±wªÌÓ¤H¤ÆªºªA°È¡BÀ°§U¨ä³B²z«OÀI²z½ß¡C [·|û¡G§õªü½÷10147886 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/9/5 ¤U¤È 04:05:16²Ä 7236 ½g¦^À³ ...ÀH§Y°l°Ý°e¥ó¤é´Á¬O§_¤´«öì©w®É¶¡ªí¡A¤]´N¬O¦b¦~©³¤§«e§¹¦¨°e¥ó¡C§Ú¤è§¡¥HªÖ©w¥B©ú½T¦^ÂСG¡u¬Oªº¡v¡A¨Ã説§ÚÌ·|§ó§V¤O¡A©Î³\¦³¾÷·| [§ó´£«e] §¹¦¨ BLA °e¥ó¨Ã¨ú±o¦b¬ü°êªº¤W¥«¦æ¾PÃÄÃÒ¡C] |
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·J¾ãºK¿ý¦³ÃöRoepginterferon¤zÂZ¯Àºî¦X©Ê¤å³¹ (Y¥H«eºô¤Í¦³¤W¶Ç«ÂСA·q½Ð¨£½Ì) ¤@¡BRuxolitinib Combos Explored to Address MPN-Associated Symptoms Brandon Scalea¡BPublished: Monday, May 06, 2019 How would you define the role of interferon today? As you know, most of the randomized data for the past 3 decades in PV has utilized hydroxyurea as one of the primary arms. However, there is increasing use of interferon, especially in patients who are JAK2-positive. We have early hints that over time, patients¡¦ molecular mutation burden might decline with the use of interferon. One of the big landmarks in MPNs was the publication in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines of treatment recommendations for these diseases. They did indicate that interferon was an appropriate frontline choice for some individuals. In my practice, I tend to use interferon in younger patients because it¡¦s a little bit better tolerated. I use it in individuals where fertility is a concern because it¡¦s less likely to cause significant concerns in either male or female patients. Also, if I¡¦m contemplating treatment for decades, the skin toxicities for hydroxyurea can be a problem over time. I do prefer to start with interferon since it can be well tolerated, especially in pegylated form. A novel interferon- alpha has been introduced in Europe, and we hope that will be the kind of agent that American patients have access to in the future. §A¤µ¤Ñ¦p¦ó©w¸q¤zÂZ¯Àªº§@¥Î¡H ¦p±z©Òª¾¡APV¹L¥h30¦~ªº¤j¦h¼ÆÀH¾÷¼Æ¾Ú³£¨Ï¥Îßm°ò脲§@¬°¥Dn¤âÁu¤§¤@¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤zÂZ¯Àªº¨Ï¥Î¶V¨Ó¶V¦h¡A¯S§O¬O¦bJAK2¶§©Êªº±wªÌ¤¤¡C§Ú̦´Á´£¥Ü¡AÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº±À²¾¡A±wªÌªº¤À¤l¬ðÅÜt¾á¥i¯àÀHµÛ¤zÂZ¯Àªº¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¤U°¡CMPN¤¤ªº¤@Ó«n¼Ð»x¬O°ê®aºî¦XÀù¯gºôµ¸°w¹ï³o¨Ç¯e¯fªºªvÀø«Øij«ü«nªº¥Xª©ª«¡C¥L̪º½Tªí©ú¤zÂZ¯À¬O¬Y¨Ç¤H¾A·íªº«e½u¿ï¾Ü¡C ¦b§Úªº¹ê½î¤¤¡A§Ú¶É¦V©ó¦b¦~»´±wªÌ¤¤¨Ï¥Î°®ÂZ¯À¡A¦]¬°¥¦ªº@¨ü©Êµy¦n¤@¨Ç¡C§Ú¦b¥Í¨|¯à¤O¨ü¨ìÃöª`ªºÓÅ餤¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡A¦]¬°¥¦¤£¤Ó¥i¯à¤Þ°_¨k©Ê©Î¤k©Ê±wªÌªº«¤j¾á¼~¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦pªG§Ú¥¿¦b¦Ò¼{ªvÀø´X¤Q¦~¡Aßm°ò脲ªº¥Ö½§¬r©Ê¥i¯à·|¦¨¬°¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡C§Ú§ó³ßÅw±q°®ÂZ¯À¶}©l¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥i¥H«Ü¦n¦a@¨ü¡A¤×¨ä¬O»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡¡C¤@ºØ·sªº¤zÂZ¯À-£\¤w¸g¦b¼Ú¬w¤Þ¤J¡A§Ú̧Ʊæ³o±N¦¨¬°¬ü°ê±wªÌ¥¼¨Ó¥i¥HÀò±oªº¨ººØÃľ¯¡C ¤G¡BSymptom Management, Risk Stratification Crucial in MPN Treatment Kristi Rosa¡BPublished: Tuesday, Jul 09, 2019 Will there continue to be a role for interferon in MPNs? I believe so, especially in younger patients; that is really the population. Many of us who do use interferon aren¡¦t as afraid of it; [perhaps we start at lower doses to better manage adverse events], but I believe there is always going to be a population of individuals who benefit from interferon. Therefore, I don¡¦t think we should ignore it. ¤zÂZ¯À·|Ä~Äò¦bMPN¤¤µo´§§@¥Î¶Ü¡H §Ú¬Û«H¡A¤×¨ä¬O¦~»´±wªÌ; ³o¯uªº¬O¤H¤f¡C§Ú̳\¦h¨Ï¥Î°®ÂZ¯Àªº¤H¨Ã¤£®`©È¥¦; [¤]³\§Ú̱q¸û§C¾¯¶q¶}©l¥H§ó¦n¦a±±¨î¤£¨}¨Æ¥ó]¡A¦ý§Ú¬Û«HÁ`·|¦³¤@¸s¤H±q°®ÂZ¯À¤¤¨ü¯q¡C¦]¦¹¡A§Ú»{¬°§Ṳ́£À³¸Ó©¿µø¥¦¡C ¤T¡BNewer Interferon Agents and Other Novel Treatments Propel MPN Paradigm Gina Columbus¡BPublished: Monday, Mar 04, 2019 Ropeginterferon alfa-2b is another one being investigated. At the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting, there were some good data presented on that. Those data look to be more mature in 2019 and 2020, which would help us in giving a more tolerable version of interferon. Ropeginterferon alfa-2b¬O¥t¤@Ó³Q½Õ¬dªº¤H¡C¦b2018¦~ASCO¦~·|¤W¡A¦³¤@¨Ç«Ü¦nªº¼Æ¾Ú¡C³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¦b2019¦~©M2020¦~¬Ý°_¨Ó§ó¥[¦¨¼ô¡A³o±N¦³§U©ó§ÚÌ´£¨Ñ§ó@¨üªº¤zÂZ¯Àª©¥»¡C ¥|¡BDr. Kambhampati Discusses Role of Interferon in MPNs Suman Kambhampati, MD¡BPublished: Monday, Feb 25, 2019 Due to the lack of comparative data between interferon and standard therapies, interferon has historically been reserved as a second-line therapy for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, pegylated formulations, such as peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) and ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron), have demonstrated higher safety, efficacy, and tolerability profiles, explained Abdulraheem Yacoub, MD. ¥Ñ©ó¯Ê¥F¤zÂZ¯À©M¼Ð·ÇÀøªk¤§¶¡ªº¤ñ¸û¼Æ¾Ú¡A¤zÂZ¯À¾ú¨Ó³Q«O¯d§@¬°°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¡]MPN¡^±wªÌªº¤G½uÀøªk¡CµM¦Ó¡A»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ»s¾¯¡A¦p»E¤A¤G¾J¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡]Pegasys¡^©Mropeginterferon alfa-2b¡]PEG-Intron¡^¡A¤wÃÒ©ú¨ã¦³§ó°ªªº¦w¥þ©Ê¡A¦³®Ä©Ê©M@¨ü©Ê¡AAbdulraheem YacoubÂå¾Ç³Õ¤h¸ÑÄÀ¹D¡C peginterferon alfa-2a is the most commonly used version; it¡¦s administered weekly with titration options in the dose and the schedule. Peginterferon alfa-2a is the agent we have the most experience with. There is also a newer, longer-acting version called ropeginterferon alfa-2b that is not yet commercially available in the United States. Most of the experience in the United States and Europe has been with peginterferon alfa-2a. Most of the published literature used that drug, although a lot of the upcoming studies are evaluating the use of the longer-acting ropeginterferon alfa-2b. »E¤A¤G¾J¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¬O³Ì±`¥Îªºª©¥»; ¨C¶g¨Ï¥Î¾¯¶q©M®É¶¡ªí¤¤ªººw©w¿ï¶µ¶i¦æºÞ²z¡C»E¤A¤G¾J¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¬O§Ú̳̦³¸gÅ窺¥N²z°Ó¡CÁÙ¦³¤@ºØ¦W¬°ropeginterferon alfa-2bªº§ó·s¡A§óªø®Äªºª©¥»¦b¬ü°ê©|¥¼°Ó·~¤Æ¡C¬ü°ê©M¼Ú¬wªº¤j³¡¤À¸gÅç³£¬O»E¤A¤G¾J¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡C¤j¦h¼Æ¤wµoªíªº¤åÄm³£¨Ï¥Î¤F³oºØÃĪ«¡A¾¨ºÞ«Ü¦h§Y±N¶i¦æªº¬ã¨s¥¿¦bµû¦ôªø®Ä÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯À£\-2bªº¨Ï¥Î¡C We¡¦re always trying to achieve disease control in our patients with the least amount of side effects. [We hope clinical trials will guide us] in our choice of therapy. The most recent molecule, ropeginterferon alfa-2b is a candidate for future clinical trials. It has a significant half- life that allows for administration every 14 days or every month¡Xthat¡¦s a significant improvement in QoL and convenience for patients. This particular medication was studied in international clinical trials and was also found to be noninferior to hydroxyurea, and potentially superior as long-term therapy. This molecule is being investigated in an international clinical trial for first- or second-line therapy for patients with ET and PV. There has also been data with the use of interferon for patients with newly diagnosed myelofibrosis who don¡¦t have advanced disease features or advanced scarring of the bone marrow. These data show that interferon might result in a slowing or modifying of the disease behavior. In addition, interferon combinations are now emerging to try to boost its activity and result in a deeper, faster, or safer response. §ÚÌÁ`¬O¸Õ¹Ï¥H³Ì¤Ö¶qªº°Æ§@¥Î¦b±wªÌ¤¤¹ê²{¯e¯f±±¨î¡C[§Ú̧ƱæÁ{§É¸ÕÅç±N«ü¾É§ÚÌ]§ÚÌ¿ï¾ÜªºªvÀø¤èªk¡C³Ì·sªº¤À¤l¡Aropeginterferon alfa-2b¬O¥¼¨ÓÁ{§É¸ÕÅ窺ԿïªÌ¡C¥¦¨ã¦³ÅãµÛªº¥b°I´Á¡A¤¹³\¨C14¤Ñ©Î¨C¤ë¶i¦æ¤@¦¸µ¹ÃÄ - ³o¬O¹ïQoL©M±wªÌ«K§Q©ÊªºÅãµÛ§ïµ½¡C³oºØ¯S®íªºÃĪ«¦b°ê»ÚÁ{§É¸ÕÅ礤¶i¦æ¤F¬ã¨s¡A¨Ã¥Bµo²{¥¦¤£¦H©óßm°ò脲¡A¨Ã¥B§@¬°ªø´ÁªvÀø¥i¯à§ó¦³Àu¶Õ¡C¸Ó¤À¤l¥¿¦b°ê»ÚÁ{§É¸ÕÅ礤¶i¦æ¬ã¨s¡A¥Î©óET©MPV±wªÌªº¤@½u©Î¤G½uªvÀø¡C ÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¼Æ¾Úªí©ú¤zÂZ¯À¥i¥Î©ó·s¶EÂ_ªº°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ±wªÌ¡A³o¨Ç±wªÌ¨S¦³¥ý¶iªº¯e¯f¯S¼x©Î°©Åè¥ý¶iªº½I²ª§Î¦¨¡C³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Úªí©ú¤zÂZ¯À¥i¯à¾ÉP¯e¯f¦æ¬°ªº´î½w©Î§ïÅÜ¡C¦¹¥~¡A¤zÂZ¯À²Õ¦X²{¦b¥¿¦b¥X²{¡A¸Õ¹Ï´£°ª¨ä¬¡©Ê¡A¨Ã²£¥Í§ó²`¡A§ó§Ö©Î§ó¦w¥þªº¤ÏÀ³¡C ¤¡BThe Future of Polycythemia Vera Treatment Prithviraj Bose, MD¡BPublished Online:Apr 30, 2019 There is a new long-acting interferon formulation called ropeginterferon-alfa-2b, which predominantly has been trialed in Europe and recently got a positive opinion from the EMA [European Medicines Agency] there. This has been developed in the frontline setting, actually, in a trial versus hydroxyurea, to which it was noninferior. So again, that¡¦s an interferon approach. ¦³¤@ºØ¦W¬°ropeginterferon-alfa-2bªº·s«¬ªø®Ä¤zÂZ¯À»s¾¯¡A¥Dn¦b¼Ú¬w¶i¦æ¸ÕÅç¡A³Ìªñ±o¨ì¤FEMA [¼Ú¬wÃÄ«~ºÞ²z§½]ªº¿n·¥µû»ù¡C¹ê»Ú¤W¡A³o¬O¦b«e½uÀô¹Ò¤¤¶}µoªº¡A»Pßm°ò脲¬Û¤ñ¡A¥¦¬O«D¦H®Äªº¡C¦A»¡¤@¦¸¡A³o¬O¤@ºØ¤zÂZ¯À¤èªk ¤»¡BRuxolitinib: Adverse Events & First-Line Plausibility Prithviraj Bose, MD¡BPublished Online:Apr 30, 2019 From the viewpoint of the competitive landscape of drug development, there is an agent called ropeginterferon-alfa-2b, which is being developed in the frontline setting and recently got a positive opinion from the EMA [European Medicines Agency]. I believe there will be trials in the United States as well. So this is a drug, it¡¦s an interferon formulation that actually was shown to be noninferior to hydroxyurea at 1 year in the frontline setting. And then with 2 and 3 years of follow-up, it actually seemed to be better. So I would assume that something similar would need to be done versus hydroxyurea in the frontline setting for such a development path for ruxolitinib. ±qÃĪ«¶}µoªºÄvª§®æ§½¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦³¤@ºØ¦W¬°ropeginterferon-alfa-2bªºÃľ¯¥¿¦b«e½u¶}µo¡A³Ìªñ±o¨ì¤FEMA [¼Ú¬wÃÄ«~ºÞ²z§½]ªº¿n·¥µû»ù¡C§Ú¬Û«H¦b¬ü°ê¤]·|¦³¼f§P¡C©Ò¥H³o¬O¤@ºØÃĪ«¡A¥¦¬O¤@ºØ¤zÂZ¯À°t¤è¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¦b«e½u³]¸m¤¤Åã¥Ü¥X1¦~®Éßm°ò脲ªº¦H¶Õ¡CµM«á¸g¹L2¦~©M3¦~ªº¸ò¶i¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¦ü¥G§ó¦n¡C¦]¦¹¡A§Ú»{¬°¦bruxolitinibªº³oºØ¶}µo¸ô®|ªº«e½u³]¸m¤¤»Ýn¹ïßm°ò脲¶i¦æÃþ¦üªº¾Þ§@¡C |
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www.onclive.com/printer?url=/web-exclusives/challenges-remain-but-research-abounds-in-polycythemia-vera-and-myelofibrosis Challenges Remain, But Research Abounds in Polycythemia Vera and Myelofibrosis ¬D¾Ô¤´µM¦s¦b¡A¦ý¬ã¨s¤´µM¦s¦b¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g©M°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ Ellie Leick¡BPublished: Tuesday, Sep 03, 2019 ºK¿ý¨ä¤¤¡G In Europe, there is ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron), which is longer-acting formulation; it is not yet approved in the United States. A trial was done and has been updated comparing ropeginterferon alfa-2b versus hydroxyurea [to see what] the right patient population that can tolerate it is. There is an advantage to the ropeginterferon arm; it definitely keeps control of the counts of hematocrit, and that helps protects people from risk of thrombosis. Additionally, more than hydroxyurea, [ropeginterferon] can have an impact on the molecular burden of the disease. That is expected to have more of an impact on the course of the disease, not just controlling symptoms and manifestations, but actually changing the biology of the disease. ¦b¼Ú¬w¡A¦³¤@ºØ÷ª¬°®À꾯alfa-2b¡]PEG-Intron¡^¡A¥¦¬O¤@ºØªø®Ä°t¤è; ¥¦©|¥¼¦b¬ü°êÀò±o§åã¡C¤@¶µ¸ÕÅç¤w¸g§¹¦¨¨Ã¥B¤w¸g§ó·s¡A¤ñ¸û¤Fropeginterferon alfa-2b»Phydroxyurea [¬Ý¬Ý¤°»ò]¯à°÷@¨ü¥¦ªº¥¿½T±wªÌ¸sÅé¡C÷¯Á§¨±aÁu¦³¤@ÓÀuÂI; ¥¦µ´¹ï¥i¥H±±¨î¦å²ÓM¤ñ®eªº¼Æ¶q¡A³o¦³§U©ó«OÅ@¤ḨK¨ü¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº·ÀI¡C¦¹¥~¡A¶W¹Lßm°ò脲¡A[ropeginterferon]¥i¯à·|¹ï¯e¯fªº¤À¤lt¾á²£¥Í¼vÅT¡C¹wp³o±N¹ï¯e¯fªº¶iµ{²£¥Í§ó¤jªº¼vÅT¡A¤£¶È±±¨î¯gª¬©Mªí²{¡A¦Ó¥B¹ê»Ú¤W§ïÅܤF¯e¯fªº¥Íª«¾Ç¡C |
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·|û¡G¤p¥¿¥¿10142326 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/9/4 ¤U¤È 01:57:45²Ä 7230 ½g¦^À³
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www.onclive.com/web-exclusives/expert-hopeful-to-add-novel-agents-to-mpn-armamentarium Expert Hopeful to Add Novel Agents to MPN Armamentarium ±M®a§Æ±æ¬°MPN Armamentarium²K¥[·s«¬¥N²z°Ó Published: Tuesday, Jul 02, 2019 Kristi Rosa ºK¿ý¨ä¤¤¡G Another agent that has been used in the PV treatment paradigm is interferon. In the phase III PROUD-PV trial, investigators compared ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron) with hydroxyurea in patients with PV. After 1 year, patients were rolled over to the CONTI-PV trial, with the option to switch from hydroxyurea to best available therapy (BAT). Results showed that after 3 years of treatment, maintenance of higher response rates was shown in patients who received ropeginterferon alfa-2b compared with those who received hydroxyurea/BAT for complete hematologic response (CHR) and for CHR plus symptom improvement.2 Furthermore, over the course of 2 years, response rates were observed to have steadily increased in those who were given ropeginterferon alfa-2b compared with those who received hydroxyurea/BAT; this trend remained constant after 36 months. ¥t¤@ºØ¥Î©óPVªvÀø½d¨ÒªºÃĪ«¬O°®ÂZ¯À¡C¦bIII´ÁPROUD-PV¸ÕÅ礤¡A¬ã¨s¤Hû¹ïPV±wªÌ¶i¦æ¤F÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯À£\-2b¡]PEG-Intron¡^»Pßm°ò脲ªº¤ñ¸û¡C1¦~«á¡A±wªÌÂà¤JCONTI-PV¸ÕÅç¡A¥i¿ï¾Ü±qßm°ò脲Âର³Ì¨ÎªvÀø¡]BAT¡^¡C µ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡AªvÀø3¦~«á¡A±µ¨üropeginterferon alfa-2bªvÀøªº±wªÌ»P±µ¨üßm°ò脲/ BAT§¹¥þ¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡]CHR¡^©MCHR¥[¯gª¬§ïµ½ªº±wªÌ¬Û¤ñ¡Aºû«ù¸û°ªªº¤ÏÀ³²v¡C2¦¹¥~¡A¦b2¦~ªº®É¶¡¤º¡A»P±µ¨üßm°ò脲/ BATªº±wªÌ¬Û¤ñ¡A±µ¨ü÷ª¬¤zÂZ¯À£\-2bªvÀøªº±wªÌªº¤ÏÀ³²vèB¼W¥[; ³oºØÁͶզb36Ó¤ë«á«O«ù¤£ÅÜ¡C What is the role of interferon in the paradigm? Interferon is certainly an excellent therapy that we have used in PV for a number of years; it¡¦s mechanism of action still remains a little bit unclear; [specifically, we don¡¦t know] whether it could potentially target an MPN stem cell. The PROUD-PV and its continuation study did show some interesting data in abstract format. [With that study it appeared that], over time, CHRs were increasing in years 2 and 3 and that perhaps there was a decrease in the burden of JAK2 at the molecular level. However, we know from the studies here in the United States, such as the MPD-RC 112 study, that they looked pretty much the same and that there wasn¡¦t an improvement and perhaps there were increased adverse events in patients who received pegylated interferon. However, I do believe it¡¦s a therapy that can be considered for patients and a better understanding of its mechanism of action will help us in deciding who to treat with this agent. ¤zÂZ¯À¦b½d¨Ò¤¤ªº§@¥Î¬O¤°»ò¡H ¤zÂZ¯À·íµM¬O§Ú̦bPV¤¤¨Ï¥Î¦h¦~ªºÀu¨qÀøªk; ¥¦ªº§@¥Î¾÷¨î¤´µM¦³ÂI¤£²M·¡; [¨ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡A§Ṳ́£ª¾¹D]¥¦¬O§_¥i¯à¹v¦VMPN·F²ÓM¡C PROUD-PV¤Î¨äÄ~Äò¬ã¨s½T¹ê¥H©â¶H®æ¦¡Åã¥Ü¤F¤@¨Ç¦³½ìªº¼Æ¾Ú¡CÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº±À²¾¡AÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº±À²¾¡ACHRs¦b²Ä2¦~©M²Ä3¦~¼W¥[¡A¨Ã¥BJAK2ªºt¾á¥i¯à¦b¤À¤l¤ô¥¤W¦³©Ò°§C¡CµM¦Ó¡A§Ú̱q¬ü°êªº¬ã¨s¤¤¤F¸Ñ¨ì¡A¨Ò¦pMPD-RC112¬ã¨s¡A¥L̬ݰ_¨Ó´X¥G¬Û¦P¡A¨Ã¥B¨S¦³§ïµ½¡A¤]³\±µ¨ü»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯Àªº±wªÌªº¤£¨}¨Æ¥ó¼W¥[¡C¦ý¬O¡A§Ú½T¹ê»{¬°³o¬O¤@ºØ¥i¥H¬°±wªÌ¦Ò¼{ªºÀøªk¡A§ó¦n¦a¤F¸Ñ¨ä§@¥Î¾÷¨î±N¦³§U©ó§Ų́M©w¥Î³oºØÃĪ«ªvÀø½Ö¡C |
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·|û¡GAlan Liu10136094 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/9/4 ¤W¤È 10:26:04²Ä 7229 ½g¦^À³
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¥H¤U¬O PMF ¯f±w Ida ©ó¯f¤Í¹ÎÅé ET & MF / CALR mutation patients support group ¤À¨ÉÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯ÀBesremi¤@Ó¤ëªvÀø¤ß±o¡A½Ķ¦p¤U¨Ñ¦U¦ì§ë¸ê¥ý¶ḭѦҡAÁÂÁ¡C Ida Idic 9¤ë1¤é¤U¤È3:48 Hi everyone :) I was there in wednesday at my hematologist. After 4 weeks with Besremi is platelet 759 000 .... two months ago would 880 000....no big difference. ..orther values is better....Symptoms MPN have improved and I have no side effect. Hi, ¤j®a¦n, §Ú©ó¶g¤T¨£¨ì§Úªº¦å²G¬ìÂå¥Í¡A¥|©PªºÀøµ{§Úªº¦å¤pªO¼Æ¦r¥Ñ¨âÓ¤ë«eªº880000°¨ì759000¡A¨ÃµL¤Ó¤j®t²§¡A¨ä¥L¼Æ¦r¦³§ïµ½¡C°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¯gª¬§ïµ½¥B¨S°Æ§@¥Î¡C Angie Zhu interferon djeluje polako. daj mu vremena Angie ¡G¤zÂZ¯À¥¿¦b²£¥Í§@¥Î¡Aµ¹¥¦¤@¨Ç®É¶¡¡C Ida Idic Angie Zhu Znam ☺ moj Dr. kaze isto Ida¡G§Úª¾¹D¡AÂå¥Í¤]¬O³o»ò¸ò§Ú»¡ªº¡C Jo Figeys It may take a while before the interferon does what it needs to do. JO¡G¤zÂZ¯À»Ýn¤@¨Ç®É¶¡µo¥Í®Ä¥Î Jo Figeys You continue with the Besremi? JO¡G§AÁÙ«ùÄò¨Ï¥ÎÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯ÀBesremi? Ida Idic Jo Figeys Yes, but dose is high. ...75 mcg two weeks ...after that 100 mcg every 2 weeks Ida¡G¬Oªº¡A¦ý¾¯¶q«Ü°ª¡A«e¨â¶g¬O75 mcg¡A²{¦b¡A²{¦b¬O¨C¨â¶g100 mcg¡C Vandana Mishra Ida Idic u r taking besremi for ET?? Vandana Mishra¡G Ida, ±z¬OET ¯f±w¶Ü? Ida Idic Vandana Mishra I have PMF Ida¡GMishra, §Ú¬Oìµo©Ê°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ(PMF) ¯f±w Vandana Mishra #idaidic Ohh God bless u Vandana Mishra¡G¯¬±z¦n¹B Vandana Mishra #idaidic Can ET patient also take besremi ?any idea?? ½Ð°ÝET¯f±w¯à§_¨Ï¥ÎÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯ÀBesremi¶Ü? ¦³¨S¦³¥ô¦ó«Øij? Jo Figeys Vandana Mishra yes! Vandana Mishra, ¥i¥H Calr Typetwo Besremi is currently not yet available for ET or PMF. Please understand that Ida I. is a patient from Prof Gisslinger, he was the lead of the Besremi trial in Austria. It is normal she could get acces to the drug for her PMF through her MPN Expert. Other patients need some patience. It will become available one day, but every drug need to go through several authorisation cycles. ¥Ø«eÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯À Besremi ©|¥¼³Q®Öã¥Î©ó ET ©Î PMF¡C¦]¬°Ida ¬O Gisslinger ±Ð±Âªº¯f±w¡A¦Ó¥L¬O¶ø¦a§QBesremi Á{§É¸ÕÅ窺¥D¾ÉªÌ¡A©Ò¥H¥i¥H³z¹L¥Lªº¨ó§U¨ú±oBesremi ªvÀøPMF¡C¨ä¥L¯f±wÁÙ»Ýn¤@¨Ç@¤ß¡C¥¦±N¦b¥¼¨Ó¬Y¤@¤Ñ·|¤W¥«¡A¦ý¨CºØÃĪ«³£»Ýn¸g¹L¬ÛÃöªº±ÂÅv¤W¥«µ{§Ç¡C Vandana Mishra #calrtypetwo I m just eager to know that if besremi is yet under trial then why pegasys is going to be out of market.how pegasys dependent patient will manage without it!! calrtypetwo, §Ú¥u¬O·Q¤F¸Ñ¬°¦óÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯À Besremi ¤´¦bÁ{§Éªº±¡ªp¤U, ù¤ó¤zÂZ¯Àn°h¥X¥«³õ, ³o¼Ë¨Ì¿àù¤ó¤zÂZ¯À¶i¦æªvÀøªº¯f±w¸Ó«ç»ò¿ì¡H Vandana Mishra I have read abt many patients that they managed to get completely cured from pegasys.so i m planning to import it from other country..n now i m hearing that it will be discontinue from market.. I m quite worried abt this. §Ú¹L¥h¬Ý¨ì«Ü¦h¯f±w¦]¬°¨Ï¥Îù¤ópegasys¦Ó§¹¥þªv¡¡C©Ò¥H§Ú¥´ºâ±q¨ä¥L°ê®a¶i¤f¡AÅ¥¨ìù¤ópegasys±N°±²£¡A§Ú«Ü¾á¤ß¡C Calr Typetwo Vandana Mishra : Pegasys was never a cure : I am also using Pegasys, but I am still sick. My blood counts are good, but Pegasys can not take away the disease. Pegasys will stay available for some time, but you need to understand that Pegasys was not a drug created for MPN, it was for hepatitis patients. There is now a better drug for hepatitis ( not from Roche ), so Roche will one day decide to stop producing it, also because there is now a newer form of pegylated interferon, which is Besremi, and it is also not from Roche. Vandana¡Gù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasys ±q¨Ó³£¨S¦³¡§ªv¡¡¨¡A§Ú¤]¬O¨Ï¥Îù¤óPegasysªº¯f±w¡A¦ý§Ú¤´µM¥Í¯f¤¤¡C§Úªº¦å²G¼Æ¶q±±¨î±o«Ü¦n¡A¦ýù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasys µLªkªv¡¡Cù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasysªñ´Á¤´·|¦b¥«³õ¤W¤@¬q®É¶¡¡A¦ý±z»Ýn¤F¸Ñù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasys ·í®É¤£¬O³Ð³y¥Î¨ÓªvÀø°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F(MPNs)ªº¥ÎÃÄ¡A¥Dn¬O°w¹ï¨xª¢ªº·P¬V¯e¯f¡C²{¦b¦³§ó¦nªº¨xª¢¥ÎÃÄ¡]¤£¬O¨Ó¦Ûù¤ó¡^¡A¥[¤WÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯ÀBesremi¤]¤£¬Où¤ó©Ò¬ãµo¡A©Ò¥Hù¤ó¤zÂZ¯À¦³¤@¤Ñ·|°±²£¡C Ida Idic Calr Typetwo Many patient has receiced Besremi - doctor say that ...but I do not know with which diagnosis. Calr Typetwo¡AÂå¥Í¸ò§Ú»¡³\¦h¯f±w³£±µ¨üÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯ÀBesremi¶i¦æªvÀø, ¦ý§Ú¤£ª¾¹D¬O¬Æ»ò¾AÀ³¯g. Ida Idic Calr Typetwo Besremi comes from AOP ORPHAN Pharmaceuticals Vienna Calr Typetwo¡AÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥N¤zÂZ¯ÀBesremi¬O±q¶ø¦a§Qºû¤]¯ÇªºAOP »sÃĤ½¥q©Ò¥Í²£¡C |
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·|û¡G¤p¥¿¥¿10142326 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/9/4 ¤W¤È 08:48:50²Ä 7228 ½g¦^À³
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www.onclive.com/onclive-tv/dr-snyder-on-mainstays-of-treatment-in-polycythemia-vera/ Dr. Snyder on Mainstays of Treatment in Polycythemia Vera Snyder³Õ¤h¹ï¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªºªvÀø¤ä«ù David S. Snyder, MD Published: Tuesday, Aug 13, 2019 David S. Snyder, MD, associate chair and professor, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and hematologist/oncologist, City of Hope, discusses mainstays of treatment in polycythemia vera (PV). There have not been many updates to the treatment paradigm of PV in recent years, says Snyder. Low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy have been the mainstays of treatment for a while. There are robust data that illustrate the importance of using low-dose aspirin and recommending phlebotomy to maintain hematocrit below 45% for men and 42% for women. For high-risk patients who are in need of additional cytoreductive therapy, hydroxyurea has been the gold standard, adds Snyder. Interferon can also be considered for select patients¡Xespecially pegylated interferon, which is better tolerated. Another formulation called ropeginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron) has also been shown to be of benefit. The therapy is longer-acting than prior formulations, but it is not yet approved for use in the United States. However, a randomized clinical trial comparing ropeginterferon with hydroxyurea has shown an advantage in the agent¡¦s ability to reduce of JAK burden, enabling symptom control. David S. Snyder¡AÂå¾Ç³Õ¤h¡A¦å²G¾Ç©M³y¦å²ÓM²¾´Ó¨t°Æ¥D®uݱб¡A¥H¤Î§Æ±æ¤§«°ªº¦å²G¾Ç®a/¸~½F¾Ç®a¡A°Q½×¤F¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¡]PV¡^ªº¥DnªvÀø¤èªk¡C ´µ©`¼w»¡¡Aªñ¦~¨ÓPVªºªvÀø½d¦¡¨Ã¨S¦³¤Ó¦hªº§ó·s¡C§C¾¯¶qªü¥q¤ÇªL©MÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¤@ª½¬OªvÀøªº¥Dn¤èªk¡C¦³±j¦³¤Oªº¼Æ¾Ú»¡©ú¤F¨Ï¥Î§C¾¯¶qªü¥q¤ÇªLªº«n©Ê¡A¨Ã«ØijÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¨Ï¨k©Ê¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e§C©ó45¢H¡A¤k©Ê°ª©ó42¢H¡C Snyder¸É¥R»¡¡A¹ï©ó»ÝnÃB¥~²ÓM´î·ÀÀøªkªº°ª·ÀI±wªÌ¡Aßm°ò脲¤w¦¨¬°ª÷¼Ð·Ç¡C¤zÂZ¯À¤]¥i¥H¦Ò¼{¥Î©ó¿ï¾Üªº±wªÌ - ¤×¨ä¬O»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À¡A¨ä@¨ü©Ê§ó¦n¡C¥t¤@ºØ¦W¬°ropeginterferon alfa-2b¡]PEG-Intron¡^ªº°t¤è¤]³QÃÒ©ú¬O¦³¯qªº¡C¸ÓÀøªk¤ñ²{¦³»s¾¯¨ã¦³§óªøªº§@¥Î¡A¦ý©|¥¼§åã¦b¬ü°ê¨Ï¥Î¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤@¶µ¤ñ¸û÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯À»Pßm°ò脲ªºÀH¾÷Á{§É¸ÕÅçªí©ú¸ÓÃĪ«¯à°÷´î¤ÖJAKt²ü¡A±q¦Ó¯à°÷±±¨î¯gª¬¡C |
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·|û¡G¤p¥¿¥¿10142326 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/9/3 ¤W¤È 10:25:28²Ä 7227 ½g¦^À³
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www.jrcd.eu/index.php/crcd/article/view/363/291 (¥H¤U¨Ï¥Îg00gle½Ķ¡A¦³¤£ºë½T¤§³B¡A½Ð°Ñ·Óì¤å)¡C Journal of Rare Cardiovascular Diseases 2019; 4 (2): 34¡V36.www.jrcd.eu Current views on the use of interferons in the treatment of polycythaemia vera ¥Ø«eÃö©ó¨Ï¥Î°®ÂZ¯ÀªvÀø¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªºÆ[ÂI Anna Prochwicz, Elżbieta Szczepanek, Dorota Krochmalczyk Department of Haematology, The University Hospital in Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland ªiÄõ§J©Ô¬ì¤Ò¤j¾ÇÂå°|¦å²G¬ì; Jagiellonian¤j¾ÇÂå¾Ç°|¡A§J©Ô¬ì¤Ò¡AªiÄõ Abstract ºKn Interferon alpha is a molecule associated with stimulation of immune system cells, resulting in an anti‑proliferative and immunomodulatory effect. It has been demonstrated that interferon reduces the number of platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes in patients suffering from chronic myeloproliferative diseases. In this paper, we present an overview of selected research evaluating the efficacy and adverse effects of various recombinant interferons used in the treatment of polycythaemia vera. We have analysed previously reported studies on the use of interferon. Interferon alfa‑2a was the first interferon approved for standard treatment of polycythaemia vera, while the next was pegylated interferon alfa‑2a. We also present recent results from studies on a newly modified molecule, ropeginterferon, a mono‑pegylated form of interferon alfa‑2b. Interferons reduce the number of phlebotomies required in patients with polycythaemia vera,accompanied by a resolution of typical disease symptoms. Treatment is well tolerated by the majority of patients. JRCD 2019; 4 (2): 34¡V36 ¤zÂZ¯À£\¬O»P§K¬Ì¨t²Î²ÓMªº¨ë¿E¬ÛÃöªº¤À¤l¡A¾ÉP§Ü¼W´Þ©M§K¬Ì½Õ¸`§@¥Î¡C¤w¸gÃÒ©ú¤zÂZ¯À´î¤Ö¤F±w¦³ºC©Ê°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¯e¯fªº±wªÌ¤¤¦å¤pªO¡A¥Õ²ÓM©M¬õ²ÓMªº¼Æ¶q¡C¦b¥»¤å¤¤¡A§ÚÌ·§z¤Fµû¦ôÀø®Ä©M¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³ªº¿ï©w¬ã¨s¦UºØ«²Õ¤zÂZ¯À¥Î©óªvÀø¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº§@¥Î¡C§Ṳ́w¸g¤ÀªR¤F¥ý«e³ø¾ÉªºÃö©ó°®ÂZ¯À¨Ï¥Îªº¬ã¨s¡C¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¬O²Ä¤@Ó§åã¥Î©ó¼Ð·ÇªvÀø¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº¤zÂZ¯À¡A¦Ó¤U¤@Ó¬O»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡C§ÚÌÁÙ¤¶²Ð¤F³Ìªñ¹ï·s×¹¢¤À¤l¡Aropeginterferon¡A³æ»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡ªº¤zÂZ¯À£\-2bªº¬ã¨sµ²ªG¡C¤zÂZ¯À´î¤Ö¤F±w¦³¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº±wªÌ©Ò»ÝªºÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³Nªº¼Æ¶q¡A¦P®É¸Ñ¨M¤F¨å«¬ªº¯e¯f¯gª¬¡C¤j¦h¼Æ±wªÌ¹ïªvÀø¦³¨}¦nªº@¨ü©Ê¡C JRCD 2019; 4¡]2¡^¡G34-36 Background I´º Sixty years ago, interferon was discovered as a cytokine which inhibited viral replication . After 30 years, clinical trials were initiated on its use in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders.The action of interferon alpha is associated with stimulation of immune system cells, resulting in an antiproliferative and anti‑angiogenic effect . In the 1980¡¦s, interferon was shown to be effective in reducing platelet counts in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. . Subsequent studies have shown a reduction in the number of phlebotomies needed in patients with polycythaemia vera along with a resolution of other disease symptoms such as pruritus, normalisation of leukocyte count and spleen size¡C ¤»¤Q¦~«e¡A¤H̵o²{¤zÂZ¯À¬O¤@ºØ§í¨î¯f¬r½Æ»sªº²ÓM¦]¤l¡C 30¦~«á¡A¶}©l¶i¦æÁ{§É¸ÕÅç¡A¥Î©óªvÀø°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¯e¯f¡C¤zÂZ¯À£\ªº§@¥Î»P§K¬Ì¨t²Î²ÓMªº¨ë¿E¬ÛÃö¡A¾ÉP§Ü¼W´Þ©M§Ü¦åºÞ¥Í¦¨§@¥Î¡C¦b20¥@¬ö80¦~¥N¡A¤zÂZ¯À³QÃÒ©ú¬O¦³®Ä´î¤Ö°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F±wªÌªº¦å¤pªOp¼Æ¡C ¡CÀH«áªº¬ã¨sªí©ú¡A±w¦³¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº±wªÌ©Ò»ÝªºÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¼Æ¶q¦³©Ò´î¤Öºû©Ô¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¯e¯f¯gª¬ªº¸Ñ¨M¤è®×¡A¦pæ±Äo¡A¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ¥¿±`¤Æ©MµÊŦ¤j¤p¡C Polycythaemia vera (PV) is a Ph‑negative myeloproliferative neoplasm and its incidence is 2¡V3 cases per 100 000 persons . In the pathogenesis of PV, a key role is played by the activation of signal transduction pathways dependent on tyrosine kinases, especially the JAK‑STAT pathway. The V617F mutation in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase gene appears in nearly 100% of PV cases, leading to constitutive tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, which induces cytokine cytokine hypersensitivity. This pathway transmits extracellular chemical signals to the cell nucleus, where it initiates the transcription of specific genes. This results in an increased production of erythrocytes, sometimes accompanied by increased production of leukocytes and platelets . Polycythaemia vera¡]PV¡^¬O¤@ºØPh³±©Êªº°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¡A¨äµo¯f²v¬°¨C10¸U¤H2-3¨Ò¡C¦bPVªºµo¯f¾÷¨î¤¤¡A³q¹L¿E¬¡¨Óµo´§ÃöÁä§@¥Î«H¸¹Âà¾É³~®|¨Ì¿à©ó¹T®ò»Ä¿E酶¡A¤×¨ä¬OJAK-STAT³~®|¡C JAK2¹T®ò»Ä¿E酶°ò¦]¤¤ªºV617F¬ðÅÜ¥X²{¦bªñ100¢HªºPV¯f¨Ò¤¤¡A¾ÉP²Õ¦¨«¬¹T®ò»Ä¿E酶ÁC»Ä¤Æ¡A»¤¾É²ÓM¦]¤l²ÓM¦]¤l¶W±Ó¤ÏÀ³¡C¸Ó³~®|±N²ÓM¥~¤Æ¾Ç«H¸¹¶Ç»¼¨ì²ÓM®Ö¡A¦b¨º¸Ì¥¦±Ò°ÊÂà¿ý¯S©w°ò¦]¡C³o¾ÉP¬õ²ÓMªº²£¥Í¼W¥[¡A¦³®É¦ñÀHµÛ¥Õ²ÓM©M¦å¤pªOªº²£¥Í¼W¥[¡C Major functions of interferon alpha include exerting a strong influence on JAK signal transducers and activating the STAT signal pathway. Interferon alpha binds to type I interferon receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2c), which upon dimerisation, activate tyrosine kinases. This leads to autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the receptors. The phosphorylated INFAR receptors then bind to STAT1 and STAT2 (signal transducers and activators of transcription), which dimerise and activate multiple immunomodulatory and antiviral proteins . ¤zÂZ¯À£\ªº¥Dn¥\¯à¥]¬A¹ïJAK«H¸¹Âà¾Éª«¬I¥[±j¯P¼vÅT¨Ã¿E¬¡STAT«H¸¹³q¸ô¡C¤zÂZ¯À£\»PI«¬°®ÂZ¯À¨üÅéµ²¦X¡]IFNAR1©MIFNAR2c¡^¡A¨ä¦b¤G»E¤Æ«á¿E¬¡¹T®ò»Ä¿E酶¡C³o¾ÉP¨üÅ骺¦ÛÁC»Ä¤Æ©MÁC»Ä¤Æ¡CµM«á¬OÁC»Ä¤ÆªºINFAR¨üÅéµ²¦XSTAT1©MSTAT2¡]«H¸¹Âà¾É©MÂà¿ý¿E¬¡¦]¤l¡^¡A¤G»E¤Æ¨Ã¿E¬¡¦hºØ§K¬Ì½Õ¸`©M§Ü¯f¬r³J¥Õ¡C As molecular tests have become available in clinical practice, researchers began to evaluate the effect of treatment on the suppression of the malignant clone. In 2006, the first studies on molecularremission were published involving JAK2‑positive polycythaemia vera patients treated with interferon‑alfa 2a . There have been reports of long‑lasting remissions which persist even after interferondiscontinuation In this paper, we present an overview of selected research evaluating the efficacy and adverse effects of various recombinant interferons used in the treatment of polycythaemia vera. ÀHµÛ¤À¤lÀË´ú¦bÁ{§É¹ê½î¤¤ªºÀ³¥Î¡A¬ã¨s¤Hû¶}©lµû¦ôªvÀø¹ï§í¨î´c©Ê§J¶©ªº¼vÅT¡C 2006¦~¡Aº¦¸¬ã¨s¤À¤lµoªí¤F¯A¤Î¥Î°®ÂZ¯À-£\2aªvÀøªºJAK2¶§©Êªº»E¦X¦å¯g±wªÌªº½w¸Ñ¡C¦³³ø¾ÉºÙ§Y¨Ï¦b¤zÂZ¯ÀªvÀø«á¡A«ùÄò¦s¦bªø´Á½w¸Ñ°±¤î¦b¥»¤å¤¤¡A§ÚÌ·§z¤F¿ï©wªº¬ã¨sµû¦ô¦UºØ«²Õ¤zÂZ¯À¥Î©óªvÀø¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªºÀø®Ä©M¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³¡C Interferon alfa‑2a ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a Interferon alfa‑2a was the first interferon approved for the standard treatment of polycythaemia vera. In 1998, Professor Foa and co‑authors published a report on the long‑term efficacy and safety profile of recombinant interferon alfa‑2a. Thirty‑eight patients with polycythaemia vera participated in the study. From this group, 28.9% of patients achieved complete remission (CR), defined as maintaining a correct haematocrit without phlebotomy. Partial remission (PR) was obtained in 21% of the patients, which was described as a reduction in frequency of phlebotomy by 50%. In patients who achieved response, leukocyte and platelet counts normalised. Spleen size also returned to normal.Interferon alfa‑2a also led to resolution of pruritis in all cases in which it was present at the beginning of the disease. Toxicity analysis showed a flu‑like syndrome occurring in 23.6% of patients, while severe weakness was observed in 13.1% of cases. Among patients treated only with interferon, there was no progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). One patient who was previously treated with an alkylating agent developed AML . ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¬O²Ä¤@Ó³Q§åã¥Î©ó¼Ð·ÇªvÀø¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº¤zÂZ¯À¡C1998¦~¡AFoa±Ð±Â¤Î¨ä¦XµÛªÌµoªí¤F¤@½gÃö©ó«²Õ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aªºªø´ÁÀø®Ä©M¦w¥þ©Êªº³ø§i¡C 38¦W±w¦³¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº±wªÌ°Ñ¥[¤F¦b¬ã¨s¤¤¡C±q¸Ó²Õ¤¤¡A28.9¢Hªº±wªÌ¹F¨ì§¹¥þ½w¸Ñ¡]CR¡^¡A©w¸q¬°ºû«ù¥¿½Tªº¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e¦ÓµL»ÝÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¡C³¡¤À½w¸Ñ¡]PR¡^Àò±o21¢Hªº³¡¤À½w¸Ñ±wªÌ¡A³Q´yz¬°ÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³NÀW²v°§C50¢H¡C¦b¹F¨ì¤ÏÀ³ªº±wªÌ¤¤¡A¥Õ²ÓM©M¦å¤pªOp¼Æ¥¿±`¤Æ¡CµÊŦ¤j¤p¤]«ì´_¥¿±`¡C¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¤]¾ÉP¦b¯e¯f¶}©l®É¦s¦bªº©Ò¦³¯f¨Ò¤¤¸Ñ¨Mæ±Äo¯g¡C¬r©Ê¤ÀªRÅã¥Ü¡A23.6¢Hªº±wªÌ¥X²{¬y·P¼Ëºî¦X¼x¡A¦Ó13.1¢Hªº±wªÌ¥X²{ÄY«µL¤O¡C¦b¶È¥Î°®ÂZ¯ÀªvÀøªº±wªÌ¤¤¡A¨S¦³µo®i¬°«æ©ÊÅè©Ê¥Õ¦å¯f¡]AML¡^¡C¤@¦W¥ý«e±µ¨ü¹LÖJ¤Æ¾¯ªvÀøªº±wªÌµo¥Í¤FAML¡C Silver et al. presented results from a long‑term observation of polycythaemia vera patients treated with interferon alfa‑2a (median 13 years). All patients required less frequent phlebotomy, with 96% of patients not requiring phlebotomy at all. In addition, the number of platelets and the size of the spleen were reduced. Thromboembolic complications were not observed and toxicity was acceptable . Silverµ¥¤H¡Cµ²ªGÅã¥Üªø´ÁÆ[¹î¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aªvÀøªº¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g±wªÌ¡]¤¤¦ì¼Æ13¦~¡^¡C©Ò¦³±wªÌ»Ýn¸û¤ÖªºÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¡A96¢Hªº±wªÌ®Ú¥»¤£»ÝnÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦å¤pªO¼Æ¶q©MµÊŦ¤j¤p´î¤Ö¡C¥¼Æ[¹î¨ì¦å®ê®ê¶ë¨Ãµo¯g¡A¬r©Ê¥i±µ¨ü¡C The most common adverse effect was a flu‑like syndrome, which occurred in a significant number of patients. Symptoms included fever, chills, joint and bone pain, headache, and weakness. These side effects were managed by paracetamol or by initiating treatment with lower doses of interferon Moreover, severity of these side effects decreases during the first few weeks of treatment. The treatment was usually discontinued due to severe fatigue and bone and muscle pain. Additionally, interferon can have a negative influence on mental condition. Cases of depression have been observed,which is why administration of interferon is contraindicated in patients with previously diagnosed depression. Another important issue is the effect of interferon on the immune system. As a result of the immunomodulatory effect of interferon, autoimmune disorders may develop during therapy, with Hashimoto¡¦s disease being the most common. Haemolytic anaemia, mixed connective tissue disease, and polyarthritis are much less common ³Ì±`¨£ªº¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³¬O¬y·P¼Ëºî¦X¼x¡A¨äµo¥Í¦b¤j¶q±wªÌ¤¤¡C¯gª¬¥]¬Aµo¿N¡Aµo§N¡AÃö¸`©M°©µh¡AÀYµh©Mµê®z¡C³o¨Ç³q¹L¹ï¤A酰®ò°ò×ô©Î³q¹L¥Î¸û§C¾¯¶qªº¤zÂZ¯À¶}©lªvÀø¨Ó±±¨î°Æ§@¥Î¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦bªvÀøªº³Ìªì´X¶g´Á¶¡¡A³o¨Ç°Æ§@¥ÎªºÄY«©Ê°§C¡C¥Ñ©óÄY«¯h³Ò©M°©Àf©M¦Ù¦×¯kµh¡AªvÀø³q±`°±¤î¡C¥t¥~¡A¤zÂZ¯À·|¹ïºë¯«ª¬ºA²£¥Ít±¼vÅT¡CÆ[¹î¨ì§íÆ{¯g¡A³o´N¬O¬°¤°»ò¥ý«e¶EÂ_¬°§íÆ{¯gªº±wªÌ¸T¥Î°®ÂZ¯Àªºì¦]¡C¥t¤@Ó«n°ÝÃD¬O°®ÂZ¯À¹ï§K¬Ì¨t²Îªº¼vÅT¡Cµ²ªG¬O¹ï©ó°®ÂZ¯Àªº§K¬Ì½Õ¸`§@¥Î¡A¦bªvÀø´Á¶¡¥i¯àµo¥Í¦Û¨§K¬Ì©Ê¯e¯f¡A¨ä¤¤¾ô¥»¤ó¯f¬O³Ì±`¨£ªº¡C·»¦å©Ê³h¦å¡A²V¦Xµ²½l²Õ´¯e¯f©M¦hÃö¸`ª¢¤£¤Ó±`¨£ Pegylated interferon alfa‑2a »E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a Interferon alfa‑2a showed significant toxicity, which often resulted in discontinuation of treatment. Because a less toxic form of interferon was needed, work on its pegylated form was initiated. Clinical trials were conducted using pegylated interferon alfa‑2a in patients with Ph‑negative myeloproliferative disorders. This more advanced variant of interferon was effective in inducing haematologic remission and reducing the level of JAK2 V617F‑positive cells The pegylated form of interferon alfa‑2a introduced for treatment is characterised by a prolonged half‑life, lower toxicity, and greater stability and solubility. Therefore, it can be administered over longer time intervals. The effectiveness of the pegylated form of interferon is similar to the non‑pegylated form . Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alfa‑2a. One of them was a phase 2 multi‑center study which included 40 patients with polycythaemia vera. After 12 months of treatment, 8% of patients discontinued therapy, while all others achieved a haematological response, of which 94.6% achieved complete remission. A total molecular response was obtained in 7 patients lasting from 6 to 18 months. ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aÅã¥Ü¥XÅãµÛªº¬r©Ê¡A³o³q±`¾ÉP°±¤îªvÀø¡C¥Ñ©ó»Ýn¬r©Ê¸û¤pªº¤zÂZ¯À¡A¦]¦¹¶}©l¥H»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡¶i¦æ¬ã¨s¡C¦b±w¦³Ph³±©Ê°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¯e¯fªº±wªÌ¤¤¨Ï¥Î»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¶i¦æÁ{§É¸ÕÅç¡C³oºØ§ó¥ý¶iªº¤zÂZ¯ÀÅܲ§¾¯¥i¦³®Ä»¤¾É¦å²G¾Ç½w¸Ñ¨Ã°§CJAK2 V617F¶§©Ê²ÓM¤ô¥¤Þ¤J¥Î©óªvÀøªº»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡ªº¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aªº¯S¼x¦b©ó©µªøªº¥b°I´Á¡A¸û§Cªº¬r©Ê©M¸û°ªªºÃ©w©Ê©M·»¸Ñ©Ê¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥¦¥i¥HºÞ²z¦b§óªøªº®É¶¡¶¡¹j¡C»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡ªº¤zÂZ¯Àªº¦³®Ä©ÊÃþ¦ü©ó«D»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡¡C¤w¸g¶i¦æ¤F´X¶µ¬ã¨s¨Óµû¦ô»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aªº¥\®Ä©M¦w¥þ©Ê¡C¨ä¤¤¤@¶µ¬O2´Á¦h¤¤¤ß¬ã¨s¡A¨ä¤¤¥]¬A40¦W±w¦³¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº±wªÌ¡CªvÀø12Ó¤ë«á¡A8¢Hªº±wªÌ°±ÃĪvÀø¡A¦Ó©Ò¦³¨ä¥L¤H³£¹F¨ì¤F¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡A¨ä¤¤94.6¢H§¹¥þ½w¸Ñ¡C¦b7Ó«ùÄò6¦Ü18Ӥ몺±wªÌ¤¤Àò±oÁ`¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡C In addition, none of the patients experienced a thromboembolic episode .In another phase 2 study, patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythemia were evaluated. Haematological responses were found in 80% of PV patients, including total remission in 70% of patients. A molecular response was obtained in 54% of patients, and from this group, JAK2 V617F was undetectable in 14%. High patient tolerance to pegylated interferon alfa‑2a at a dose of 90 £gg/week was demonstrated. While assessing the haematological response, haematocrit normalisation, platelet count, spleen size reduction, and leukocyte count normalisation were all taken into account. In the group of patients in which JAK2 V617F mutation had become undetectable, none experienced a molecular relapse in the 2‑year observation period. The toxicity of treatment was low.Only 10% of patients had side effects, mainly after administration of higher doses (180¡V450 £gg/week) in the initial phase of the study. The most common adverse effect was neutropenia. In addition, elevated liver function tests and weakness were observed ¦¹¥~¡A¨S¦³±wªÌ¥X²{¦å®ê®ê¶ë¨Æ¥ó¡C¦b¥t¤@¶µ2´Á¬ã¨s¤¤¡Aµû¦ô¤F±w¦³¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g©Mìµo©Ê¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¯gªº±wªÌ¡C¦b80¢HªºPV±wªÌ¤¤µo²{¤F¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡A¥]¬A§¹¥þ½w¸Ñ¦b70¢Hªº±wªÌ¤¤¡C¦b54¢Hªº±wªÌ¤¤Àò±o¤F¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡A¨Ã¥B±q¸Ó²Õ¤¤¡AJAK2 V617F¦b14¢H¤¤ÀË´ú¤£¨ì¡C±wªÌ¹ï»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aªº¾¯¶q@¨ü©Ê°ªÃÒ¹ê¤F90£gg/¶g¡C¦bµû¦ô¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³®É¡A¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e¥¿±`¤Æ¡A¦å¤pªOp¼Æ¡AµÊŦ¤j¤p´î¤Ö©M¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ¥¿±`¤Æ³£³Q¦Ò¼{¦b¤º¡C¦bJAK2 V617F¬ðÅܵLªkÀË´ú¨ìªº±wªÌ²Õ¤¤¡A¦b2¦~Æ[¹î´Á¤º¨S¦³¤H¸g¾ú¹L¤À¤l´_µo¡CªvÀø¬r©Ê«Ü§C¡C¥u¦³10¢Hªº±wªÌ¦³°Æ§@¥Î¡A¥Dn¬O¦b¬ã¨sªºªì©l¶¥¬qªA¥Î¸û°ª¾¯¶q¡]180-450£gg/¶g¡^«á¡C³Ì±`¨£ªº¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³¬O¤¤©Ê²É²ÓM´î¤Ö¯g¡C¥t¥~¡A´£¤É¤FÆ[¹î¨x¥\¯àÀˬd©Mµê®z Mono‑pegylated interferon alfa‑2b (ropeginterferon) ³æ»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2b ¡]ropeginterferon¡^ A new mono‑pegylated form of interferon alfa is ropeginterferon alfa‑2b. Due to a minor change in structure, an isoform with a longer half‑life was obtained. This enabled the drug to be administered every two weeks, in contrast to less advanced forms, which needed to be administered several times per week. Results from phase 1 and 2 studies using ropeginterferon alfa‑2b in 51 polycythaemia vera patients after 1 year of treatment were published by Gisslinger et al. The dose was gradually increased until the optimal effective dose was determined. The effective dose varied between individual patients and ranged from 50 to 540 £gg. None of the patients experienced dose‑limiting toxicities. The total response rate was 90%, of which 47% had a complete response and 43% had a partial response. A total molecular response was obtained in 21% of patients, while a partial molecular response was obtained in 47% of patients. It was shown that ropeginterferon is effective even at low doses and that the percentage of responses obtained and their duration did not differ from the group with higher doses . ¤@ºØ·sªº³æPEG¤Æ§Î¦¡ªº¤zÂZ¯À£\¬Oropeginterferon alfa-2b¡C¥Ñ©óµ²ºcªº·L¤pÅܤơAÀò±o¤F¨ã¦³§óªø¥b°I´Áªº¦PºØ«¬¡C³o¨Ï±oÃĪ«¯à°÷³Q¬I¥Î¨C¨â¶g¡A»P¤£¤Ó¥ý¶iªº§Î¦¡¬Û¤Ï¡A»Ýn¨C¶g¦h¦¸¬I¥Î¡C Gisslingerµ¥¤Hµoªí¤F¨Ï¥Îropeginterferon alfa-2bªvÀø1¦~ªvÀø«á51¨Ò¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g±wªÌªº1´Á©M2´Á¬ã¨sµ²ªG¡C³vº¥¼W¥[¾¯¶qª½¦Ü½T©w³Ì¨Î¦³®Ä¾¯¶q¡CÓÅé±wªÌªº¦³®Ä¾¯¶q¤£¦P¡A½d³ò¬°50¦Ü540£gg¡C¨S¦³±wªÌ¥X²{¾¯¶q¨î©Ê¬r©Ê¡CÁ`¤ÏÀ³²v¬°90¢H¡A¨ä¤¤47¢H¦³§¹¥þ¤ÏÀ³¡A43¢H¦³³¡¤À¤ÏÀ³¡C 21¢Hªº±wªÌÀò±o¤FÁ`¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡A¦Ó47¢Hªº±wªÌÀò±o¤F³¡¤À¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡Cµ²ªGªí©ú¡Aropeginterferon¬Æ¦Ü¬O¦³®Äªº¦b§C¾¯¶q¤U¡A©ÒÀò±oªº¤ÏÀ³¦Ê¤À¤ñ©M¥¦Ìªº«ùÄò®É¶¡»P¸û°ª¾¯¶qªº²Õ¨S¦³®t²§¡C Results from the phase 3 study comparing the safety and efficacy of ropeginterferon and hydroxyurea (HU) were presented during the most recent European Haematology Association meeting. The groups were divided depending on their age: under 60 years of age and over 60 years of age, and observed for a period of 2 years. In the PROUD study, 254 patients with polycythaemia vera participated. They were randomised to two study arms: treatment with ropeginterferon or treatment with HU. After 12 months, 89.6% of patients in the ropeginterferon arm and 68.5% in the HU arm continued treatment in the CONTINUATION study. After 24 months, ropeginterferon resulted in a higher rate of haematological responses than HU in both age groups. For patients under 60 years of age,77.6% responded to ropeginterferon and 55.9% responded to HU. Similar results were obtained in the of patients over 60 years of age: 63% responded to ropeginterferon and 42% responded to HU. Assessment of molecular response showed higher response rates in the group of patients treated with ropeginterferon. A partial molecular response was observed in 78.1% of patients under 60 years of age and in 59.5% of patients over 60 years of age. For comparison, a partial molecular response in the group treated with HU was obtained in 33.3% of younger patients and in 25.0% of older patients. ¦b³Ìªñªº¼Ú¬w¦å²G¾Ç¨ó·|·|ij¤W¤¶²Ð¤F¤ñ¸û÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯À©Mßm°ò脲¡]HU¡^ªº¦w¥þ©Ê©M¦³®Ä©Êªº²Ä3¶¥¬q¬ã¨sªºµ²ªG¡C®Ú¾Ú¦~ÄÖ¤À²Õ¡G60·³¥H¤U©M60·³¥H¤W¡A¨ÃÆ[¹î2¦~¡C¦bPROUD¬ã¨s¤¤¡A254¦W±w¦³¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯gªº±wªÌ°Ñ¥[¤F¬ã¨s¡C¥L̳QÀH¾÷¤À°t¨ì¨âÓ¬ã¨s²Õ¡G¥ÎropeginterferonªvÀø©Î¥ÎHUªvÀø¡C 12Ó¤ë«á¡A÷¯Á§¨±aÁu¤¤89.6¢Hªº±wªÌ©MHUÁu¤¤ªº68.5¢HÄ~Äò¦bCONTINUATION¬ã¨s¤¤ªºªvÀø¡C 24Ó¤ë«á¡A¦b¨âÓ¦~ÄÖ²Õ¤¤¡Aropeginterferon¾ÉP¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³²v°ª©óHU¡C¹ï©ó60·³¥H¤Uªº±wªÌ¡A77.6¢H¹ïropeginterferon¦³¤ÏÀ³¡A55.9¢H¹ïHU¦³¤ÏÀ³¡C¦b60·³¥H¤Wªº±wªÌ¤¤Àò±o¤FÃþ¦üªºµ²ªG¡G63¢H¹ïropeginterferon¦³¤ÏÀ³¡A42¢H¹ïHU¦³¤ÏÀ³¡C¹ï©ó¨Ï¥ÎropeginterferonªvÀøªº±wªÌ²Õ¡A¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³ªºµû¦ôÅã¥Ü¥X§ó°ªªº¤ÏÀ³²v¡C¦b60·³¥H¤Uªº±wªÌ¤¤Æ[¹î¨ì78.1¢Hªº³¡¤À¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¦~ÄÖ¦b60·³¥H¤Wªº±wªÌ¤¤¦û59.5¢H¡C¬°¤F¤ñ¸û¡A¦b33.3¢Hªº¦~»´±wªÌ©M25.0¢Hªº¦Ñ¦~±wªÌ¤¤Àò±o¤F¥ÎHUªvÀøªº²Õ¤¤ªº³¡¤À¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡C Ropeginterferon was also effective in improving the general symptoms associated with myeloproliferative disease. The number of adverse reactions in patients treated with ropeginterferon and hydroxyurea was comparable. The rate of adverse drug reaction in elderly patients treated with ropeginterferon was lower. These recent observations allow us to consider ropeginterferon as an effective drug which is safe for all patients with PV, regardless of age . Ropeginterferon¦b§ïµ½»P°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¯e¯f¬ÛÃöªº¤@¯ë¯gª¬¤è±¤]¦³®Ä¡C¥Îropeginterferon©MhydroxyureaªvÀøªº±wªÌªº¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³¼Æ¶q¬Û·í¡C¥ÎropeginterferonªvÀøªº¦Ñ¦~±wªÌªºÃĪ«¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³µo¥Í²v¸û§C¡C³o¨Ç³ÌªñªºÆ[¹îµ²ªG¨Ï§ÚÌ¥i¥H±Nropeginterferonµø¬°¤@ºØ¦³®ÄªºÃĪ«¡A¹ï©Ò¦³PV±wªÌ³£¬O¦w¥þªº¡AµL½×¦~ÄÖ¤j¤p¡C Conclusions µ²½× Many previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of interferons. Non‑pegylated forms are widely used in everyday clinical practice but they also have a problematic toxicity profile. Pegylated forms of interferon are better tolerated by patients and produce less adverse effects. Currently, much interest surrounds the mono‑pegylated form of interferon alfa‑2b, ropeginterferon, which can be administered subcutaneously less frequently (once every 2¡V4 weeks). Ropeginterferon possesses an acceptable toxicity profile, high efficacy, and the ability to achieve suppression of clonal haematopoiesis. All of these should lead to its wider use in haematology. ³\¦h¥ý«eªº¬ã¨s¤w¸gÃÒ©ú¤F°®ÂZ¯Àªº¥\®Ä¡C«D»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡¼sªx¥Î©ó¤é±`Á{§É¹ê½î¤¤¡A¦ý¥¦Ì¤]¨ã¦³¦³°ÝÃDªº¬r©Ê¯S¼x¡C»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ±wªÌ¹ï°®ÂZ¯Àªº@¨ü©Ê§ó¦n¡A²£¥Íªº°Æ§@¥Î§ó¤p¡C¥Ø«e¡A¹ï»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ§Î¦¡ªº¤zÂZ¯À£\-2b¡A÷ª¬¤zÂZ¯Àªº¿³½ì«Ü¤j¡A¨ä¥i¥H¸û¤£ÀWÁc¦a¥Ö¤U¬I¥Î¡]¨C2-4¶g¤@¦¸¡^¡C Ropeginterferon¨ã¦³¥i±µ¨üªº¬r©Ê¯S¼x¡A°ª®Ä²v©M¹ê²{§J¶©³y¦å§í¨îªº¯à¤O¡C©Ò¦³³o¨Ç³£À³¸Ó¾ÉP¨ä¦b¦å²G¾Ç¤¤ªº¼sªxÀ³¥Î¡C |
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journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2040620719870052?fbclid=IwAR0P4iXxx3ya1D80GXdlCC1JUHNHy0eiGrfLceAZXwu1b0XSddTZyXTMIyU& (¥H¤U½Ķ¡A«Y¥Ñg00gleª½±µÂ½Ä¶¡Aªí®æ¥ç¤í¯Ê¡A½Ðºô¤Íª½±µ°Ñ·Óì¤å) Updates in the management of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia ¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g©Mìµo©Ê¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¯gªºªvÀø§ó·s Prithviraj Bose¡B Srdan Verstovsek Therapeutic Advances in Hematology ¡B First Published August 30, 2019 Abstract ºKn Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are both classic, relatively indolent, chronic Philadelphia-chromosome-negative (Ph−) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by elevated blood counts, thrombotic as well as hemorrhagic tendencies, a variety of symptoms, cumulative risks of progression to myelofibrosis and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia over time, and long survival. Molecularly, PV is more homogenous, being driven by JAK2 mutations in virtually all cases, while ET can be JAK2-, CALR-, or MPL-mutated, as well as ¡¥triple negative¡¦. Recent targeted next-generation sequencing efforts have identified other, nondriver gene mutations, some with prognostic relevance. ¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¡]PV¡^©Mìµo©Ê¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¯g¡]ET¡^³£¬O¨å«¬ªº¡A¬Û¹ï´k©Ê¡AºC©Ê¶O«° - ¬V¦âÅé³±©Ê¡]Ph-¡^°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¡]MPNs¡^¡A¨ä¯S¼x¬O¦å²ÓMp¼Æ¤É°ª¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥H¤Î¥X¦å¶É¦V¡A¦UºØ¯gª¬¡AÀHµÛ®É¶¡ªº±À²¾¡A¶i®i¬°°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ©MÂàÅܬ°«æ©ÊÅè©Ê¥Õ¦å¯fªº²Ö¿n·ÀI¡A¥H¤Îªø´Á¦s¬¡²v¡C¦b¤À¤l¾Ç¤W¡APV§ó§¡¤Ã¡A´X¥G¦b©Ò¦³±¡ªp¤U³£¥ÑJAK2¬ðÅÜÅX°Ê¡A¦ÓET¥i¥H¬OJAK2-¡ACALR-©ÎMPL-¬ðÅÜ¡A¥H¤Î¡§¤T«³±©Ê¡¨¡C³Ìªñ¦³°w¹ï©Êªº¤U¤@¥N´ú§Ç¤u§@½T©w¤F¨ä¥L«DÅXÂΰò¦]¬ðÅÜ¡A¨ä¤¤¤@¨Ç¨ã¦³¹w«á¬ÛÃö©Ê¡C Prevention of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications continues to be the major focus of management, although symptoms are increasingly being recognized as a relatively unmet need, particularly in ET. Thrombotic risk stratification in PV is still based on age and history of thrombosis, while in ET, the additional contribution of JAK2 V617F to thrombotic risk is now well established. The associations of leukocytosis with clotting risk (in both conditions) and mortality (in PV) have drawn increased attention with the availability of ruxolitinib as a second-line treatment in PV. Similarly, there is a renewed interest in interferons with the emergence of ropeginterferon alfa-2b as a potential new frontline treatment option in PV. Drug development is more difficult in ET, the most indolent of the classic Ph− MPNs, but ruxolitinib is being studied. Triggering apoptosis via the p53 pathway through pharmacologic inhibition of human double minute 2 (and synergism with interferon) is a new, promising therapeutic strategy. ¹w¨¾¦å®ê©Ê©M¥X¦å©Ê¨Ãµo¯g¤´µM¬OºÞ²zªº¥DnµJÂI¡A¾¨ºÞ¯gª¬¶V¨Ó¶V¦h¦a³Q»{¬°¬O¬Û¹ï¥¼º¡¨¬ªº»Ý¨D¡A¯S§O¬O¦bET¤¤¡C PV¤¤ªº¦å®ê§Î¦¨¦MÀI¤À¼h¤´µM°ò©ó¦~ÄÖ©M¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v¡A¦Ó¦bET¤¤¡AJAK2 V617F¹ï¦å®ê§Î¦¨·ÀIªºÃB¥~°^Äm²{¤w±o¨ì«Ü¦nªºÃÒ¹ê¡C¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h»P¾®¦å·ÀI¡]¦b¨âºØ±¡ªp¤U¡^©M¦º¤`²v¡]¦bPV¤¤¡^ªºÃöÁp¤w¤Þ°_¶V¨Ó¶V¦hªºÃöª`¡Aruxolitinib§@¬°PV¤¤ªº¤G½uªvÀøªº¥i¥Î©Ê¡C¦P¼Ë¡A¤H̹ﰮÂZ¯À¦³¤F·sªº¿³½ì¡A¦]¬°¥X²{¤F÷¯Á°®Àê¯À£\-2b§@¬°PV¤¤¼ç¦bªº·sªº¤@½uªvÀø¤è®×¡C¦bET¤¤¡AÃĪ«¶}µo§ó¥[§xÃø¡A³o¬O¸g¨åPh-MPN¤¤³ÌµL§Uªº¡A¦ýruxolitinib¥¿¦b¬ã¨s¤¤¡C³q¹Lp53³~®|³q¹L¤HÃþÂù¤ÀÄÁ2ªºÃIJz¾Ç§í¨î¡]©M»P°®ÂZ¯Àªº¨ó¦P§@¥Î¡^IJµo²ÓMä¤`¬O¤@ºØ·sªº¡A¦³§Æ±æªºªvÀøµ¦²¤¡C Introduction ¤¶²Ð Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), while morphologically distinct, are both relatively indolent, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by prolonged survival and substantial risks of thrombosis and bleeding. The prevalence of PV and ET has been estimated to be 44¡V57 and 38¡V57 per 100,000 of the United States (US) population, respectively.1 Morphologically, PV is characterized by pancytosis, panmyelosis and pleiomorphic megakaryocytes, while ET is characterized by thrombocytosis and increased numbers of enlarged, mature megakaryocytes with hyperlobulated nuclei;2 however, with the advent of the new, lower hemoglobin and hematocrit thresholds for diagnosing PV in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, there could be some conflation of PV, a virtually exclusively Janus kinase (JAK) 2-driven disease, and JAK2-mutated ET. The driver mutation spectrum of ET is more diverse, with approximately similar proportions of patients carrying activating mutations/indels in JAK2, MPL (the gene encoding the thrombopoietin receptor) and calreticulin (CALR) as in primary myelofibrosis (PMF), with the rest having so-called ¡¥triple negative¡¦ disease. ¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¡]PV¡^©Mìµo©Ê¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¯g¡]ET¡^ÁöµM§ÎºA¤W¤£¦P¡A¦ý³£¬O¬Û¹ï´k©ÊªººC©Ê°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¡]MPN¡^¡A¨ä¯S¼x¦b©ó¦s¬¡´Á©µªø©M¦å®ê§Î¦¨©M¥X¦åªº¹ê½è·ÀI¡C PV©METªº±w¯f²v¦ôp¤À§O¬°¨C10¸U¬ü°ê¤H¤f44-57©M38-57¡C1§ÎºA¾Ç¤W¡APVªº¯S¼x¬Oªx²ÓM¯f¡A°©Å誢©M¦h§Î©Ê¥¨®Ö²ÓM¡A¦ÓETªº¯S¼x¬O¦å¤pªO¼W¦h©M¼Æ¶q¼W¥[ªº¦¨¼ô¥¨®Ö²ÓM¦ñ¦³¶W²yª¬®Ö; 2µM¦Ó¡AÀHµÛ2016¦~¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´¡]WHO¡^¤ÀÃþ¤¤¶EÂ_PVªº·sªº§C¦å¬õ³J¥Õ©M¦å²ÓM¤ñ®eìHȪº¥X²{¡APV¥i¯à¦s¦b¤@¨Ç²V²c¡A´X¥G§¹¥þ¬OJanus¿E酶¡]JAK¡^2ÅX°Êªº¯e¯f¡A¥H¤ÎJAK2¬ðÅܪºET¡C ETªºÅX°Ê¬ðÅÜÃЧó¥[¦h¼Ë¤Æ¡A¦bìµo©Ê°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ¡]PMF¡^¤¤JAK2¡AMPL¡]½s½X¦å¤pªO¥Í¦¨¯À¨üÅ骺°ò¦]¡^©M¶tºô³J¥Õ¡]CALR¡^Äâ±a¬¡¤Æ¬ðÅÜ/´¡¤J¯Ê¥¢ªº±wªÌ¤ñ¨Ò¤jP¬Û¦ü¡A¨ä¾l±wªÌ©Ò¿×ªº¡§¤T«®ø·¥¡¨¯e¯f¡C Survival in ET is superior to that in PV and may be no different than that of the age- and sex-matched healthy population.3 While both conditions can progress to myelofibrosis (MF) and transform to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), these rates are, in general, low and lower for ET than for PV.4 Recent efforts to genomically classify the Philadelphia-chromosome-negative (Ph−) MPN have considered both PV and ET together as ¡¥chronic-phase¡¦ MPNs.5 In the absence of agents proven to modify the natural history of these diseases and prevent progression to advanced phases, management of both conditions has primarily focused on minimizing the risks of thrombosis and hemorrhage.6 ETªº¦s¬¡²vÀu©óPV¡A¨Ã¥B¥i¯à»P¦~ÄÖ©M©Ê§O¤Ç°tªº°·±d¤H¸s¨S¦³®t²§.3ÁöµM³o¨âºØ±¡ªp³£¥i¥Hµo®i¬°°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ¡]MF¡^¨ÃÂàÅܬ°«æ©ÊÅè©Ê¥Õ¦å¯f¡]AML¡^¡A¹ï©óET¦Ó¨¥¡A¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A§C©ó©M§C©óPV .4³Ìªñ¹ï¶O«°¬V¦âÅé³±©Ê¡]Ph-¡^MPN¶i¦æ°ò¦]²Õ¤ÀÃþªº§V¤O±NPV©MET¤@°_µø¬°¡§ºC©Ê´Á¡¨MPN.5¡C¸gÃÒ¹ê¥i¥H§ïÅܳo¨Ç¯e¯fªº¦ÛµM¯f¥v¨Ãªý¤î¨ä¶i®i¦Ü±ß´Á¶¥¬q¡A³o¨âºØ¯e¯fªºªvÀø¥Dn¶°¤¤¦bºÉ¶q´î¤Ö¦å®ê§Î¦¨©M¥X¦åªº·ÀI¡C Updates in diagnosis of PV §ó·sPVªº¶EÂ_ Major changes to the diagnostic criteria for PV were made in the 2016 revision to the WHO classification of MPNs and AML.2 The hemoglobin and hematocrit thresholds for diagnosis were lowered to 16.5 g/dl/49% and 16 g/dl/48% for men and women, respectively, and bone marrow biopsy was made mandatory for diagnosis (except in cases fulfilling the 2008 WHO criteria of hemoglobin >18.5 g/dl in men and >16.5 g/dl in women, presence of a JAK2 mutation and a subnormal erythropoietin level). The main rationale behind these changes was the recognition that individuals with so-called ¡¥masked PV¡¦ have inferior outcomes,7,8 possibly due to missed or delayed diagnoses and thereby, a lower intensity of treatment.9 Given the new lower cutoffs for hemoglobin/hematocrit, bone marrow biopsy may also be helpful to distinguish between PV and JAK2-mutated ET.10 Finally, bone marrow biopsy continues to be recommended, even in patients fulfilling the 2008 WHO criteria, to enable assessment of the presence of fibrosis at diagnosis of PV, as this has been shown to predict a more rapid progression to post-PV MF.2 ¦b2016¦~×qªºWHO MPNs©MAML¤ÀÃþ¤¤¹ïPVªº¶EÂ_¼Ðã¶i¦æ¤F«¤j§ïÅÜ.2¶EÂ_ªº¦å¬õ³J¥Õ©M¦å²ÓM¤ñ®eìHÈ°¦Ü16.5 g / dl / 49¢H©M16 g / dl / 48¢H¨k©Ê©M¤k©Ê¤À§O©M°©Å謡À˳Q±j¨î¶EÂ_¡]°£¤F²Å¦X2008¦~¥@½Ã²Õ´¨k©Ê¦å¬õ³J¥Õ> 18.5 g / dl©M¤k©Ê> 16.5 g / dl¡A¦s¦bJAK2¬ðÅÜ©M§C©ó¥¿±`¤ô¥ªº¯f¨Ò«P¬õ²ÓM¥Í¦¨¯À¤ô¥¡^¡C³o¨ÇÅܤÆI«áªº¥Dnì¦]¬O»{ÃѨì¨ã¦³©Ò¿×¡§±»»\PV¡¨ªºÓÅé¨ã¦³¸û®tªºµ²ªG¡A7,8¥i¯à¬O¥Ñ©ó¿ù¹L©Î©µ¿ð¶EÂ_¡A¦]¦¹ªvÀø±j«×¸û§C.9Ų©ó¦å¬õ³J¥Õ·sªº¸û§CºI¤îÈ/¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e¡A°©Å謡Àˤ]¥i¯à¦³§U©ó°Ï¤ÀPV©MJAK2¬ðÅܪºET.10³Ì«á¡A§Y¨Ï¦b²Å¦X2008 WHO¼Ð·Çªº±wªÌ¤¤¡A¤´µM«Øij¶i¦æ°©Å謡ÀË¡A¥H«K¦b¶EÂ_®Éµû¦ôÅÖºû¤Æªº¦s¦bPV¤w¸g³QÃÒ©ú¥i¥H¹w´úPV«á§ó§Ö³tªº¶i®i Updates in prognostication §ó·s¹w´ú In a multicenter study of 1545 patients with WHO 2008-defined PV, median survival for the entire cohort was projected at 18.9 years, with a trend towards worse survival than the age- and sex-matched US population (p = 0.104).11 However, when the analysis was restricted to the 337 patients with the most mature survival data (i.e. those seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA), the median survival was only 14.1 years. Older age, leukocytosis, venous thrombosis and abnormal karyotype emerged on multivariable analysis as factors adversely impacting survival in this study. A prognostic model incorporating the first three of the above prognostic factors was developed, allotting 5 points to age ⩾67 years, 2 points to age 57¡V66 years, and 1 point each to leukocytosis ⩾15 ¡Ñ 109/l and venous thrombosis, resulting in three well-demarcated risk groups: low risk (0 points, median survival 27.8 years), intermediate risk (1¡V2 points, median survival 18.9 years) and high risk (⩾3 points, median survival 10.9 years). ¦b¤@¶µ°w¹ï¥@¬É½Ã¥Í²Õ´2008¦~©w¸qªºPV±wªÌªº1545¦W±wªÌªº¦h¤¤¤ß¬ã¨s¤¤¡A¾ãÓ¶¤¦Cªº¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¹wp¬°18.9·³¡A¨ä¦s¬¡²v§C©ó¦~ÄÖ©M©Ê§O¤Ç°tªº¬ü°ê¤H¸s¡]p = 0.104¡^.11¦ý¬O·í¤ÀªR¶È©ó¨ã¦³³Ì¦¨¼ô¥Í¦s¼Æ¾Úªº337¦W±wªÌ¡]§Y¦bMayo Clinic¡ARochester¡AMN¡AUSAÆ[¹î¨ìªº¨º¨Ç¡^®É¡A¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¶È¬°14.1·³¡C¦b¦hÅܶq¤ÀªR¤¤¥X²{¦~ÄÖ¸û¤j¡A¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h¡AÀR¯ß¦å®ê§Î¦¨©M²§±`®Ö«¬¡A³o¬O¼vÅT¥»¬ã¨s¥Í¦sªº¦]¯À¡C«Ø¥ß¤F¥]§t¤Wz«e¤TÓ¹w«á¦]¯Àªº¹w«á¼Ò«¬¡A¤À¬°5Ó¦~ÄÖ≥67·³¡A2ÓÂI¦Ü57-66·³¡A1ÓÂI¬°¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g⩾15¡Ñ109 / l©MÀR¯ß¦å®ê§Î¦¨¡Aµ²ªG¦b¤TÓ¹º¤À¬Éªº·ÀI²Õ¤¤¡G§C·ÀI¡]0¤À¡A¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s27.8¦~¡^¡A¤¤µ¥·ÀI¡]1-2¤À¡A¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s18.9¦~¡^©M°ª·ÀI¡]⩾3¤À¡A¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s10.9¦~¡^¡C An Italian study of 435 consecutive patients with ET with 4304 person-years of follow up did not show an impact of the diagnosis on survival.3 A history of thrombosis and male sex were independent predictors of death. A more recent study from the Mayo Clinic found the median survival of patients with ET (n = 292) to be 19.8 years, inferior to that of the age- and sex-matched US population, but better than in patients with PV (13.5 years, n= 267) and unaffected by driver mutation status.12 That patients with prefibrotic PMF have an inferior prognosis compared with those with true ET is now well recognized, and underscores the need for careful pathologic distinction between these two entities. ¤@¶µ·N¤j§Q¬ã¨s¹ï435¦W³sÄò±w¦³ETªº±wªÌ¶i¦æ¤F4304Ó¤H¦~ªºÀH³X¡A¦ý¨S¦³Åã¥Ü¶EÂ_¹ï¥Í¦sªº¼vÅT.3¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v©M¨k©Ê©Ê§O¬O¦º¤`ªº¿W¥ß¹w´ú¦]¯À¡C±ö¶ø¶E©Ò³Ìªñªº¤@¶µ¬ã¨sµo²{¡AET±wªÌ¡]n = 292¡^ªº¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¬°19.8·³¡A§C©ó¦~ÄÖ©M©Ê§O¤Ç°tªº¬ü°ê¤H¸s¡A¦ýÀu©óPV±wªÌ¡]13.5·³¡^¹ï©ó¨ã¦³¯u¹êETªº±wªÌ¡A¹wÅÖºû¤ÆPMF±wªÌªº¹w«á¸û®t¡A²{¤w±o¨ì¥R¤À»{ÃÑ¡A¨Ã±j½Õ»Ýn¹ï³o¨âÓ¹êÅé¶i¦æ¥J²Óªº¯f²z¾Ç°Ï¤À¡C 13 The International Prognostic Score for ET (IPSET), based on a study of 867 patients, incorporates age ⩾60 years (2 points), prior thrombosis history (1 point) and leukocyte count ⩾11 ¡Ñ 109/l (1 point) into a risk model that predicts survival in WHO-defined ET; median survival was not reached in low-risk patients (0 points, n = 342), 24.5 years in intermediate-risk patients (1¡V2 points, n = 374) and 14.7 years in high-risk patients (3¡V4 points, n = 151).14 In a very recent publication, researchers at the Mayo Clinic reported worse survival for patients with PV (median, 15 years) than those with ET (median, 18 years, p < 0.05), but similar leukemia-free survival (p = 0.22).15 Interestingly, in this large study (665 PV, 1076 ET, 1282 PMF), patients with ET diagnosed after 1990 fared worse in terms of overall survival (p < 0.001). The risk of progression to MF was higher in patients with PV than in those with ET (p < 0.001), probably a function of the higher JAK2 V617F allele burden in PV.5,16 Of note, young patients (⩽40 years) with both PV and ET have excellent outcomes (median survival 35 + years).17,18 °ò©ó¹ï867¦W±wªÌªº¬ã¨s¡AETªº°ê»Ú¹w«áµû¤À¡]IPSET¡^¥]¬A¦~ÄÖ≥60·³¡]2¤À¡^¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v¡]1¤À¡^©M¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ11¡Ñ109 / l¡]1¤À¡^¡C¹w´ú¥@½Ã²Õ´©w¸qªºET¦s¬¡²vªº·ÀI¼Ò«¬;§C·ÀI±wªÌ¡]0¤À¡An = 342¡^¥¼¹F¨ì¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¡A¤¤¦M±wªÌ¬°24.5·³¡]1-2¤À¡An = 374¡^¡A°ª¦M±wªÌ¬°14.7·³¡]3-4¤À¡A n = 151¡^.14¦b³Ìªñªº¤@¥÷¥Xª©ª«¤¤¡A±ö¶ø¶E©Òªº¬ã¨s¤Hû³ø§iPV±wªÌ¡]¤¤¦ì¼Æ¡A15·³¡^ªº¥Í¦s²v§C©óET±wªÌ¡]¤¤¦ì¼Æ¡A18·³¡Ap <0.05¡^¡A¦ýÃþ¦üªºµL¥Õ¦å¯f¥Í¦s²v¡]p = 0.22¡^.15¦³½ìªº¬O¡A¦b³o¶µ¤j«¬¬ã¨s¤¤¡]665 PV¡A1076 ET¡A1282 PMF¡^¡A1990¦~«á½T¶EªºET±wªÌªºÁ`¥Í¦s²v§ó®t¡]p <0.001¡^¡C PV±wªÌµo¥ÍMFªº·ÀI°ª©óET±wªÌ¡]p <0.001¡^¡A³o¥i¯à¬OPV¤¤JAK2 V617Fµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t¾á¸û°ªªº¤@Ó¦]¯À[5,16]¡Cȱoª`·Nªº¬O¡A¦~»´±wªÌ¡]⩽40·³¡^ PV©MET³£¦³«Ü¦nªºµ²ªG¡]¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á35 +¦~¡^.17,18 A targeted deep sequencing effort at the Mayo Clinic in 133 patients with PV and 183 with ET revealed one or more mutations/sequence variants in nondriver genes in 53% of patients in each cohort, the most frequent being TET2 and ASXL1,19 both genes commonly implicated in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.20,21 The investigators identified mutations/variants in ASXL1, SRSF2 and IDH2 in PV and those in SH2B3, SF3B1, U2AF1, TP53, IDH2 and EZH2 in ET as ¡¥adverse¡¦, based on age-adjusted multivariable analysis of the impact on overall, leukemia-free or MF-free survival. ¦bMayo Clinic¹ï133¦WPV±wªÌ©M183¦W±w¦³ETªº±wªÌ¶i¦æ¤F¦³°w¹ï©Êªº²`«×´ú§Ç¡Aµo²{¨CÓ¶¤¦C¤¤53¢Hªº±wªÌ¤¤¦³¤@өΦhÓ«D°_·½°ò¦]ªº¬ðÅÜ/§Ç¦CÅܲ§¡A³Ì±`¨£ªº¬OTET2©MASXL1,19¨âºØ°ò¦]³q±`¬ã¨s¤Hû®Ú¾Ú¦~ÄÖ½T©w¤FPV¤¤ASXL1¡ASRSF2©MIDH2ªº¬ðÅÜ/Åܲ§¥H¤ÎET¤¤ªºSH2B3¡ASF3B1¡AU2AF1¡ATP53¡AIDH2©MEZH2¤¤ªº¬ðÅÜ/Åܲ§¬°¡§¤£§Q¡¨ªº¬ðÅÜ/Åܲ§¡C½Õ¾ã¦hÅܶq¤ÀªR¹ïÁ`Åé¡AµL¥Õ¦å¯f©ÎµLMF¥Í¦sªº¼vÅT¡C In both the PV and ET cohorts, the combined frequency of these ¡¥adverse¡¦ mutations/variants was 15%, and their presence was associated with inferior survival in both PV (median, 7.7 versus 16.9 years) and ET (median, 9 versus 22 years), findings that were validated in 215 Italian patients with PV and 174 with ET.19 Building upon this work, they went on to incorporate mutational information into two new prognostic models, the Mutation-Enhanced International Prognostic Scoring Systems (MIPSS) for PV and for ET.22 These models were derived from the study of 906 molecularly annotated patients (404 PV and 502 ET) from the Mayo Clinic (n = 416) and the University of Florence (n = 490). ¦bPV©MET¶¤¦C¤¤¡A³o¨Ç¡§¤£¨}¡¨¬ðÅÜ/Åܲ§ªº²Õ¦XÀW²v¬°15¢H¡A¨Ã¥B¥¦Ìªº¦s¦b»PPV¡]¤¤¦ì¼Æ¡A7.7¹ï16.9·³¡^©MET¡]¤¤¦ì¼Æ¡A9¹ï22¡^ªº¥Í¦s²v¬ÛÃö¡C³o¨Ç¬ã¨sµ²ªG¦b215¦W·N¤j§QPV±wªÌ©M174¦WET±wªÌ¤¤±o¨ìÅçÃÒ¡C¦b³o¶µ¤u§@ªº°ò¦¤W¡A¥LÌÄ~Äò±N¬ðÅÜ«H®§¯Ç¤J¨âÓ·sªº¹w«á¼Ò«¬¡A§Y¥Î©óPVªº¬ðÅܼW±j«¬°ê»Ú¹w«áµû¤À¨t²Î¡]MIPSS¡^³o¨Ç¼Ò«¬¨Ó·½©ó±ö¶ø¶E©Ò¡]n = 416¡^©M¦òùÛÂĤj¾Ç¡]n = 490¡^ªº906¦W¤À¤lµùÄÀ±wªÌ¡]404 PV©M502 ET¡^ªº¬ã¨s¡C Median follow-up duration was approximately 10 years for the Mayo Clinic patients and 12¡V13 years for the Italian patients. The following factors adversely impacting survival emerged on multivariable analysis performed on all patients: in PV, age >60 years (2 points), SRSF2 mutation (2 points) and leukocyte count ⩾11 ¡Ñ 109/l (1 point) and, in ET, age >60 years (4 points), male sex (1 point) and SRSF2/SF3B1 mutations (2 points). The resultant four-tiered MIPSS-PV and MIPSS-ET models stratified patients into low (median survival 25.3 years in PV and 33.2 years in ET), intermediate-1 (median survival 18 years in PV and 26.3 years in ET), intermediate-2 (median survival 10 years in PV and 14 years in ET) and high-risk (median survival 5.4 years in PV and 9.4 years in ET) categories.22 While interesting, ±ö¶ø¶E©Ò±wªÌªº¤¤¦ìÀH³X®É¶¡¬ù¬°10¦~¡A·N¤j§Q±wªÌ¬°12-13·³¡C¹ï©Ò¦³±wªÌ¶i¦æªº¦hÅܶq¤ÀªR§¡¥X²{¥H¤U¼vÅT¥Í¦sªº¦]¯À¡GPV¡A¦~ÄÖ> 60·³¡]2¤À¡^¡ASRSF2¬ðÅÜ¡]2¤À¡^©M¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ≥11¡Ñ109 / l¡]1¤À¡^¡AET ¡A¦~ÄÖ> 60·³¡]4¤À¡^¡A¨k©Ê¡]1¤À¡^©MSRSF2 / SF3B1¬ðÅÜ¡]2¤À¡^¡C¥Ñ¦¹²£¥Íªº¥|¼hMIPSS-PV©MMIPSS-ET¼Ò«¬±N±wªÌ¤À¼h¬°§C¡]PVªº¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¬°25.3·³¡AET¬°33.2·³¡^¡A¤¤¦ì¼Æ¬°1¡]PVªº¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¬°18¦~¡AET¬°26.3·³¡^¡A 2¡]PVªº¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¬°10¦~¡AET¬°14¦~¡^©M°ª·ÀI¡]PVªº¤¤¦ì¥Í¦s´Á¬°5¡C4¦~¡AET¬°9¡C4¦~¡^.2ÁöµM¦³½ì¡A these data do not inform management of patients with PV or ET at present, and multigene profiling of patients with PV and ET is not routine at most centers and remains largely a research tool. The vast majority of patients can expect a protracted, relatively indolent disease course with low lifetime risks of progression to MF or transformation to AML. ¥Ø«e¡A³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¨Ã¥¼§iª¾PV©ÎET±wªÌªººÞ²z¡APV©MET±wªÌªº¦h°ò¦]¤ÀªR¦b¤j¦h¼Æ¤¤¤ß¨Ã«D±`³W¡A¨Ã¥B¤´µM¥Dn¬O¬ã¨s¤u¨ã¡Cµ´¤j¦h¼Æ±wªÌ¥i¥H´Á«Ýªø´Áªº¡A¬Û¹ï´k©Êªº¯e¯f¯fµ{¡A¨ä¨ã¦³¶i®i¦ÜMF©ÎÂà¤Æ¬°AMLªº§C²×¨·ÀI¡C Investigators from multiple European centers recently reported a comprehensive genomic analysis of 2035 patients with MPN, of whom 1321 had ET and 356 had PV. They sequenced the full coding regions of 69 genes, as well as annotated single nucleotide polymorphisms for copy number profiling and germline loci that have been associated with MPN. Overall, eight mutually exclusive genomic subgroups of MPN emerged from this effort: TP53-mutated cases, cases associated with mutations in 1 or more of 16 myeloid cancer-associated genes (mostly those encoding epigenetic modifiers and spliceosome components), CALR-mutated cases, MPL-mutated cases, a JAK2-homozygous group, a JAK2-heterozygous group, cases with mutations in genes such as TET2 or DNMT3A that are not disease-specific or in genes that are typically mutated in other myeloid malignancies (for example, KIT in systemic mastocytosis), and one with no identifiable driver mutations. ¨Ó¦Û¦hÓ¼Ú¬w¤¤¤ßªº¬ã¨s¤Hû³Ìªñ³ø§i¤F¹ï2035¦WMPN±wªÌªº¥þ±°ò¦]²Õ¤ÀªR¡A¨ä¤¤1321¦W±w¦³ET¡A356¦W±w¦³PV¡C¥L̹ï69Ó°ò¦]ªº§¹¾ã½s½X°Ï¶i¦æ¤F´ú§Ç¡A¥H¤Î»PMPN¬ÛÃöªº«þ¨©¼Æ¤ÀªR©MºØ¨t°ò¦]®yªºµùÄÀ³æ®Ö苷»Ä¦hºA©Ê¡CÁ`Åé¦Ó¨¥¡AMPNªº¤KÓ¬Û¤¬±Æ¥¸ªº°ò¦]²Õ¨È²Õ¥X²{¤F³o¤@§V¤O¡GTP53¬ðÅܯf¨Ò¡A»P16Ó°©ÅèÀù¬ÛÃö°ò¦]¡]¥Dn¬O¨º¨Ç½s½XªíÆ[¿ò¶Ç×¹¢¦]¤l©M°Å±µÅ馨¤À¡^¤¤ªº¤@өΦhÓ¬ðÅܬÛÃöªº¯f¨Ò¡ACALR¬ðÅܯf¨Ò¡A MPL¬ðÅܯf¨Ò¡AJAK2¯Â¦X¤l²Õ¡AJAK2Âø¦X¤l²Õ¡ATET2©ÎDNMT3Aµ¥°ò¦]¬ðÅܪº¯f¨Ò¡A¤£¬O¯e¯f¯S²§©Êªº¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¦b¨ä¥L°©Åè´c©Ê¸~½F¤¤¬ðÅܪº°ò¦]¡]¨Ò¦p¡AKIT in¨t²Î©ÊªÎ¤j²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¡A¨Ã¥B¨S¦³¥iÃѧOªºÅX°Ê¬ðÅÜ¡C They developed a model for personalized prognosis (available at: cancer.sanger.ac.uk/mpn-multistage/) that outperformed conventional risk stratification models used for PMF, as well as the IPSET model for ET. ¥L̶}µo¤F¤@ºØөʤƹw«á¼Ò«¬¡]¥i¦b¥H¤Uºô¯¸Àò±o¡Gcancer.sanger.ac.uk/mpn-multistage/¡^¡A¨äªí²{Àu©ó¥Î©óPMFªº±`³W·ÀI¤À¼h¼Ò«¬¡A¥H¤ÎETªºIPSET¼Ò«¬¡C Updates in risk stratification for thrombosis: a role for leukocytosis? ¦å®ê§Î¦¨¦MÀI¤À¼hªº³Ì·s¶i®i¡G¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦hªº§@¥Î¡H As alluded to above, the major focus of management of both PV and ET is on the prevention of thrombohemorrhagic events.6 In PV, age ⩾ 60 years and a history of thrombosis have been and continue to be the two main factors used to determine risk of thrombosis, which is higher than in ET, and patients with one or both of these attributes are classified as being ¡¥high risk¡¦, while those with neither risk factor are considered ¡¥low risk¡¦ and typically managed with phlebotomy and aspirin alone. The seminal Cytoreductive Therapy in Polycythemia Vera (CYTO-PV) study established <45% as the hematocrit goal for all patients with PV, although the therapeutic modalities used to achieve this were not specified.23 A subsequent multivariable, ¦p¤W©Òz¡APV©METºÞ²zªº¥Dn«ÂI¬O¹w¨¾¦å®ê¥X¦å¨Æ¥ó.6¦bPV¤¤¡A¦~ÄÖ≥60·³©M¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v¤@ª½¬O¨Ã¥B¤´µM¬O¥Î©ó½T©w·ÀIªº¨âÓ¥Dn¦]¯À¦å®ê§Î¦¨°ª©óET¡A¨ã¦³³o¨ÇÄݩʤ¤ªº¤@өΨâÓªº±wªÌ³QÂkÃþ¬°¡§°ª·ÀI¡¨¡A¦Ó¨S¦³·ÀI¦]¯Àªº±wªÌ³Q»{¬°¬O¡§§C·ÀI¡¨¨Ã¥B³q±`¶È¥ÎÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N©Mªü¥q¤ÇªLªvÀø¡C¯u©Ê¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¡]CYTO-PV¡^¬ã¨s¤¤ªº¶}³Ð©Ê²ÓM´î·ÀÀøªk½T©w<45¢H§@¬°©Ò¦³PV±wªÌªº¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e¥Ø¼Ð¡A¾¨ºÞ¥Î©ó¹ê²{¦¹¥ØªºªºªvÀø¤è¦¡©|¥¼½T©w.23ÀH«áªº¦hÅܶq¡A time-dependent subanalysis of the CYTO-PV data in which patients with thrombotic events were divided into approximate quartiles based on their leukocyte counts recorded at their last clinic visit before the thrombotic events occurred showed that the risk of thrombosis began to increase above a leukocyte count of 7 ¡Ñ 109/l, becoming statistically significant above 11 ¡Ñ 109/l.24 A very similar analysis of a cohort of 1565 patients with PV from US Veterans Affairs hospitals demonstrated that patients with leukocyte counts ⩾8.5¡V<11 ¡Ñ 109/l had a significantly increased risk of thrombotic events compared with those with leukocytes <7 ¡Ñ 109/l, with the hazard ratio highest for those with leukocyte counts ⩾11 ¡Ñ 109/l.25 Similar findings were also reported in a time-dependent analysis of the ECLAP (European Collaboration on Low-Dose Aspirin in Polycythemia Vera) study which found, CYTO-PV¼Æ¾Úªº®É¶¡¨Ì¿à©Ê¨È¤ÀªR¡A¨ä¤¤¦å®ê¨Æ¥ó±wªÌ®Ú¾Ú¥L̦b¦å®ê§Î¦¨¨Æ¥óµo¥Í«e³Ì«á¤@¦¸´N¶E®É°O¿ýªº¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ³Q¤À¬°ªñ¦ü¥|¤À¦ì¼Æ¡Aªí©ú¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº·ÀI¶}©l¼W¥[¶W¹L¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ7¡Ñ109 / l¡A¦b²Îp¾Ç¤WÅãµÛ°ª©ó11¡Ñ109 / l.24¹ï¬ü°ê°h¥îx¤H¨Æ°ÈÂå°|1565¦WPV±wªÌªº«D±`¬Û¦üªº¤ÀªRÅã¥Ü¡A¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ¬°⩾8.5-<11¡Ñ109 / l»P¥Õ²ÓM<7¡Ñ109 / l¬Û¤ñ¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨¨Æ¥óªº·ÀIÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡A¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ⩾11¡Ñ109 / lªº¦MÀI¤ñ³Ì°ª¡CÃþ¦üªº¬ã¨sµ²ªG¤]¦b®É¶¡¨Ì¿à©Ê¤ÀªR¤¤³ø¾É¡C ECLAP¡]¼Ú¬w¬õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¤¤§C¾¯¶qªü¥q¤ÇªL¦X§@¡^ªº¬ã¨sµo²{¡A after adjusting for potential confounding factors, that patients with leukocyte counts >15 ¡Ñ 109/l had a significantly higher risk of thrombosis compared with those with leukocyte counts <10 ¡Ñ 109/l.26 Consensus guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in the US recognize progressive leukocytosis, along with new thrombosis or disease-related major bleeding, progressive disease-related symptoms, a frequent or persistent need for phlebotomy with poor tolerance of the same, symptomatic or progressive splenomegaly and symptomatic thrombocytosis as potential indications for initiation of cytoreductive therapy in ¡¥low-risk¡¦ patients with PV.27 ¦b½Õ¾ã¼ç¦bªº²VÂø¦]¯À«á¡A¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ> 15¡Ñ109 / lªº±wªÌ¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº·ÀIÅãµÛ°ª©ó¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ<10¡Ñ109 / lªº±wªÌ.26°ê®aºî¦XÀù¯gºôµ¸¡]NCCN¡^ªº¦@ÃÑ«ü«n¦b¬ü°ê¡AÃѧO¶i¦æ©Ê¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h¯g¡A¥H¤Î·sªº¦å®ê§Î¦¨©Î¯e¯f¬ÛÃöªº¤j¥X¦å¡A¶i®i©Ê¯e¯f¬ÛÃö¯gª¬¡AÀWÁc©Î«ùÄò»ÝnÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¡A@¨ü©Ê®t¡A¦³¯gª¬©Î¶i¦æ©ÊµÊ¸~¤j©M¯gª¬©Ê¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¯g§@¬°°_©lªº¼ç¦b¾AÀ³¯gPV§C¡§·ÀI¡¨±wªÌªº²ÓM´î·ÀªvÀø Thrombotic risk stratification in ET considers driver mutation status in addition to age and prior thrombosis history. Overall, four risk categories are recognized in the revised IPSET-thrombosis model (see Table 1): very low risk, comprising patients up to 60 years of age with no thrombosis history and wild type for JAK2, low risk, comprising those ⩽60 years and without a history of thrombosis but with JAK2 V617F, intermediate risk, consisting of individuals over 60 years with wild type JAK2 and no history of thrombosis, and high risk, °£¤F¦~ÄÖ©M¬J©¹¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v¤§¥~¡AET¤¤ªº¦å®ê§Î¦¨·ÀI¤À¼hÁÙ¦Ò¼{¤F¾r¾pû¬ðÅܪ¬ºA¡CÁ`Åé¦Ó¨¥¡A×q«áªºIPSET¦å®ê§Î¦¨¼Ò«¬¤¤½T»{¤F¥|ºØ·ÀIÃþ§O¡]¨£ªí1¡^¡G«D±`§Cªº·ÀI¡A¥]¬A60·³¥H¤U¨S¦³¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥vªº±wªÌ©MJAK2ªº³¥¥Í«¬¡A§C·ÀI¡A¥]¬A¨º¨Ç≥60·³¨Ã¥B¨S¦³¦å®ê§Î¦¨¦ý¦³JAK2 V617F¥vªº¤¤«×·ÀI¡A¥Ñ60·³¥H¤Wªº³¥¥Í«¬JAK2±wªÌ²Õ¦¨¡A¨S¦³¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v©M°ª·ÀI¡A defined by either a history of thrombosis (any age) or age >60 years with JAK2 V617F.28 CALR-mutated patients with ET tend to be younger and have higher platelet counts, much lower thrombotic risk and lower hemoglobin levels and leukocyte counts than their JAK2-mutated counterparts,29 and CALR mutation status does not modify the above thrombotic risk stratification model for ET.30 Some data suggest that patients with ET and type 1/type 1-like CALR mutations may have a higher risk of progression to post-ET MF.31 Because of their very low risk of thrombosis, young patients with CALR-mutated ET and no prior history of thrombosis or cardiovascular risk factors may forego aspirin: in one study, the risk of bleeding due to aspirin outweighed any benefits in terms of thrombosis prevention.32 Twice-daily aspirin has been suggested as an alternative to cytoreductive therapy in patients at an intermediate risk, as well as in patients at a low risk with cardiovascular risk factors,28 but this is based only on preclinical data.33 Like in PV, leukocytosis, but not thrombocytosis, has been implicated as a risk factor for thrombosis in ET. ¥Ñ¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v¡]¥ô¦ó¦~ÄÖ¡^©Î¦~ÄÖ> 60·³ªºJAK2 V617F.28©w¸q.CALR¬ðÅܪºET±wªÌ©¹©¹§ó¦~»´¡A¦å¤pªOp¼Æ§ó°ª¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨·ÀI§ó§C¡A¦å¬õ³J¥Õ¤ô¥©M¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ§C©óJAK2¬ðÅܪº¹ïÀ³ª«¡A29©MCALR¬ðÅܪ¬ºA¤£·|§ïÅÜETªº¤Wz¦å®ê¦MÀI¤À¼h¼Ò«¬.30¤@¨Ç¼Æ¾Úªí©úET©M1«¬/ 1«¬CALR¬ðÅܪº±wªÌ¥i¯à¨ã¦³§ó°ªªº¶i®i«á·ÀI¡C ET MF.31¥Ñ©ó¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº·ÀI«D±`§C¡A¦~»´±w¦³CALR¬ðÅܪºET¨Ã¥B¬J©¹¨S¦³¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v©Î¤ß¦åºÞ¦MÀI¦]¯Àªº±wªÌ¥i¯à·|©ñ±óªü¥q¤ÇªL¡G¦b¤@¶µ¬ã¨s¤¤¡Aªü¥q¤ÇªL¤Þ°_ªº¥X¦å·ÀI¶W¹L¤F¥ô¦ó¯q³B¡C¹w¨¾¦å®ê§Î¦¨.32¦b¤¤«×·ÀI±wªÌ¥H¤Î¤ß¦åºÞ¦MÀI¦]¯À§C·ÀI±wªÌ¤¤¡A¤w«Øij¨C¤é¨â¦¸ªA¥Îªü¥q¤ÇªL§@¬°²ÓM´î·ÀªvÀøªº´À¥NÀøªk¡A28¦ý³o¬O¶È°ò©óÁ{§É«e¼Æ¾Ú.33»PPV¬Û¦ü¡A¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h¡A¦ý¤£¬O¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¡A¤w³Q»{¬°¬OET¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº¦MÀI¦]¯À¡C In an analysis of 776 JAK2-annotated patients from the PT-1 study, abnormal platelet counts during follow up (but not at diagnosis) were found to be significantly associated with an immediate risk of major hemorrhage but not thrombosis, whereas elevated leukocyte counts over time significantly correlated with both thrombosis and major bleeding.34 In another study of 891 patients with WHO-defined ET followed for a median of 6.2 years, leukocytosis (>11 ¡Ñ 109/l), along with age over 60 years, thrombosis history, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and of JAK2 V617F predicted for arterial thrombosis, while a platelet count >1000 ¡Ñ 109/l was associated with a lower risk of arterial thrombosis; however, leukocytosis did lose significance when the analysis was restricted to JAK2-mutated patients.35 NCCN guidelines endorse the consideration of cytoreductive therapy in patients at very low, low and intermediate risk with ET who have progressive leukocytosis, new thrombosis, acquired von Willebrand¡¦s disease (aVWD), disease-related major bleeding, symptomatic or progressive splenomegaly, progressive disease-related symptoms, symptomatic thrombocytosis or vasomotor/microvascular disturbances not responsive to aspirin.27 ¦b¹ï¨Ó¦ÛPT-1¬ã¨sªº776¦WJAK2µùÄÀ±wªÌªº¤ÀªR¤¤¡Aµo²{ÀH³X´Á¶¡¡]¦ý¥¼¶EÂ_®É¡^ªº¦å¤pªOp¼Æ²§±`»P¤j¥X¦åªºª½±µ·ÀIÅãµÛ¬ÛÃö¡A¦ý¥¼µo¥Í¦å®ê§Î¦¨¡A¦Ó¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ¼W¥[®É¶¡»P¦å®ê§Î¦¨©M¤j¥X¦åÅãµÛ¬ÛÃö.34¦b¥t¤@¶µ¹ï891¨ÒWHO©w¸qªºET±wªÌ¶i¦æªº¬ã¨s¤¤¡A¤¤¦ì¼Æ¬°6.2·³¡A¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h¡]> 11¡Ñ109 / l¡^¡AÀHµÛ¦~ÄÖ¶W¹L60·³¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨¥v¡A¹w´ú°Ê¯ß¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº¤ß¦åºÞ¦MÀI¦]¯À©MJAK2 V617Fªº¦s¦b¡A¦Ó¦å¤pªOp¼Æ> 1000¡Ñ109 / l»P°Ê¯ß¦å®ê§Î¦¨ªº·ÀI¸û§C¦³Ãö;µM¦Ó¡A·í¤ÀªR©óJAK2¬ðÅܱwªÌ®É¡A¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h½T¹ê¥¢¥h·N¸q.35 NCCN«ü«n»{¥i¹ï¨ã¦³¶i¦æ©Ê¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦h¡A·s¦å®ê§Î¦¨¡AÀò±o©Ê¦åºÞ©Ê¦å¤Í¯fªºETªº·¥§C¡A¤¤§C·ÀI±wªÌªº²ÓM´î·ÀªvÀøªº¦Ò¼{¡C ¡]aVWD¡^¡A¯e¯f¬ÛÃöªº¥Dn¥X¦å¡A¯gª¬©Ê©Î¶i¦æ©ÊµÊ¸~¤j¡A¶i®i©Ê¯e¯f¬ÛÃö¯gª¬¡A¯gª¬©Ê¦å¤pªO¼W¦h©Î¦åºÞµÎÁY/·L¦åºÞ¯¿¶Ã¹ïªü¥q¤ÇªLµL¤ÏÀ³.27 Updates in therapy ªvÀø¤è±ªº³Ì·s¶i®i Cytoreductive therapy is indicated for all high-risk patients with both PV and ET and is usually recommended for intermediate-risk patients with ET. Situations that should prompt consideration of cytoreductive therapy in low-risk patients with PV and very-low-/low-risk patients with ET are detailed above. The platelet count reaching ⩾1500 ¡Ñ 109/l is an additional indication for cytoreductive therapy in ET with a goal to reduce bleeding, not clotting risk.6 Worldwide, hydroxyurea (HU) is the most widely used cytoreductive agent for patients with both PV and ET, based on the findings of the PT-1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 809 high-risk patients with ET, in which HU was superior to anagrelide in terms of rates of arterial thrombosis, serious hemorrhage and myelofibrotic progression.36 Low-dose aspirin is usually recommended,37 unless there is evidence of aVWD. Anagrelide was non-inferior to HU in the phase III ANAHYDRET trial (n = 259), ²ÓM´î·ÀÀøªk¾A¥Î©óPV©METªº©Ò¦³°ª·ÀI±wªÌ¡A³q±`±ÀÂ˥ΩóETªº¤¤¦M±wªÌ¡CÀ³¦bPV§C·ÀI±wªÌ©M·¥§C·ÀI/§C·ÀIET±wªÌ¤¤«P¨Ï¦Ò¼{²ÓM´î·ÀªvÀøªº±¡ªp¦p¤W©Òz¡C¦å¤pªOp¼Æ¹F¨ì⩾1500¡Ñ109 / l¬OET²ÓM´î·ÀªvÀøªº¥t¤@Ó«ü¼Ð¡A¥Øªº¬O´î¤Ö¥X¦å¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¾®¦å·ÀI.6¦b¥@¬É½d³ò¤º¡Aßm°ò脲¡]HU¡^¬OPV©M±wªÌ¤¤¨Ï¥Î³Ì¼sªxªº²ÓM´î·À¾¯¡C ET¡A°ò©óPT-1ÀH¾÷¹ï·Ó¸ÕÅç¡]RCT¡^¦b809¦W°ª¦MET±wªÌ¤¤ªºµo²{¡A¨ä¤¤HU¦b°Ê¯ß¦å®ê§Î¦¨¡AÄY«¥X¦å©M°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ¶i®i¤è±Àu©óªü¨º®æ¹p.36§C - ³q±`«Øij¨Ï¥Îªü¥q¤ÇªL¾¯¶q¡A37°£«D¦³ÃÒ¾Úªí©ú¦s¦baVWD¡C¦bIII´ÁANAHYDRET¸ÕÅ礤¡Aªü¨º®æ¹p¤£¦H©óHU¡]n = 259¡^¡A but aspirin use was not mandated in this trial and diagnosis of ET was per WHO 2008 criteria, important differences with the PT-1 trial.38 Although never proven, persistent doubts over the long-term leukemogenicity of HU has led experts to recommend consideration of interferon as an alternative in young patients with long life expectancy.6,27 Recombinant interferon alfa is also a reasonable therapeutic choice after HU failure in both PV and ET, as are ruxolitinib in PV and anagrelide in ET.6,27 A large, open-label RCT (n = 382) recently found no benefit to the addition of HU to aspirin in patients with ET 40¡V59 years of age who lacked any high-risk features, that is, a history of ischemia, thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage or extreme thrombocytosis (platelets ⩾1500 ¡Ñ 109/l).39 ¦ý¬O¦b³o¶µ¸ÕÅ礤¨S¦³±j¨î¨Ï¥Îªü¥q¤ÇªL¡AETªº¶EÂ_²Å¦XWHO 2008¼Ð·Ç¡A»PPT-1¸ÕÅ窺«n®t²§.38ÁöµM±q¥¼ÃÒ¹ê¡A¹ïHUªºªø´ÁP¥Õ¦å©Ê«ùÄò¦s¦bºÃ¼{¡A¾ÉP±M®a«Øij¦Ò¼{¤zÂZ¯À¥i§@¬°¹w´Á¹Ø©Rªøªº¦~»´±wªÌªº´À¥N¤è®×.6,27 PV©MET¤¤HU¥¢±Ñ«á¡A«²Õ¤zÂZ¯À£\¤]¬O¤@ºØ¦X²zªºªvÀø¿ï¾Ü¡A¦pPV¤¤ªºruxolitinib©MET¤¤ªºªü¨º®æ¹p.6,27¤j¡A¶}©ñ-label RCT¡]n = 382¡^³Ìªñµo²{¡A¹ï©ó¯Ê¥F¥ô¦ó°ª·ÀI¯S¼xªºET 40-59·³±wªÌ¡A§Y¯Ê¦å¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨¡A®ê¶ë¡A¥X¦å¥v¡A¹ïªü¥q¤ÇªL²K¥[HUµL¯q³B©Î·¥ºÝ¦å¤pªO¼W¦h¯g¡]¦å¤pªO⩾1500¡Ñ109 / l¡^.39 Interferons ¤zÂZ¯À Interferon alfa has been used successfully for the treatment of PV and ET for many years, with consistently high hematologic as well as molecular remission rates.40,41 Interferon alfa is able to clear not just JAK2- but also CALR-mutated clones,42 suggesting its potential as a true disease-modifying agent, although there is preclinical evidence that CALR-mutated ET may be less responsive to interferon alfa than JAK2-mutated disease.43 In general, response rates to interferon are lower in the presence of other, nondriver mutations, and these patients are more likely to exhibit clonal evolution during therapy.44 Although pegylation offers the convenience of once weekly administration and superior tolerability, discontinuation rates remain high, primarily driven by the unique toxicities of interferon therapy, including flu-like symptoms, depression, hepatotoxicity and autoimmune syndromes.45 As alluded to above, pegylated interferon alfa represents a reasonable alternative to HU for frontline therapy of both PV and ET in patients needing cytoreduction. ¤zÂZ¯À£\¤w¦¨¥\¥Î©óªvÀøPV©MET¦h¦~¡A¨ã¦³«ùÄò°ªªº¦å²G¾Ç©M¤À¤l½w¸Ñ²v.40,41¤zÂZ¯À£\¤£¶È¥i¥H²M°£JAK2-¦Ó¥BÁÙ¯à²M°£CALR¬ðÅܪº§J¶©¡A42ªí©ú¾¨ºÞ¦³Á{§É«eÃÒ¾Úªí©úCALR¬ðÅܪºET¥i¯à¹ï°®ÂZ¯À£\ªº¤ÏÀ³©Ê§C©óJAK2¬ðÅܪº¯e¯f¡A¦ý¥¦¦³¼ç¤O§@¬°¯u¥¿ªº¯e¯f½Õ¸`¾¯.43¤@¯ë¨Ó»¡¡A¤zÂZ¯Àªº¤ÏÀ³²v¦b¨ä¥L«DÅX°Ê¦]¯À¦s¦bªº±¡ªp¤U¸û§C¬ðÅÜ¡A³o¨Ç±wªÌ§ó¦³¥i¯à¦bªvÀø´Á¶¡ªí²{¥X§J¶©¶i¤Æ.44ÁöµM»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ´£¨Ñ¤F¨C¶g¤@¦¸µ¹ÃĪº«K§Q©Ê©MÀu²§ªº@¨ü©Ê¡A¦ý°±ÃIJv¤´µM«Ü°ª¡A¥Dn¬O¥Ñ©ó°®ÂZ¯ÀªvÀøªº¿W¯S¬r©Ê¡A¥]¬A¬y·P¼Ë¯gª¬¡A§íÆ{¯g¡A¨x¬r©Ê©M¦Û¨§K¬Ìºî¦X¼x.45¦p¤W©Òz¡A»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\¥NªíHUªº¦X²z´À¥N«~»Ýn²ÓM´î¤Ö³Nªº±wªÌPV©METªº½u©ÊªvÀø¡C Results of the final analysis of the Myeloproliferative Disorders Research Consortium (MPD-RC) 112 global phase III trial of pegylated interferon alfa-2a (n = 82) versus HU (n = 86) in previously untreated patients (HU for <3 months permitted) with high-risk PV or ET (defined according to the 2008 WHO criteria, disease duration <5 years) were recently presented.46 There were no significant differences between the treatment arms in terms of complete or overall response rates (ORRs) at 12 or 24 months. Interestingly, achievement of a complete hematologic response (CHR) was associated with worsening of some symptom and quality of life parameters.47 The toxicity profiles of the two agents were different, but toxicity was not a major reason for discontinuation in either arm. Bone marrow pathologic responses were more frequently observed in patients with ET, but there was no significant difference between the two treatment arms.46 The phase III DALIAH trial compared recombinant interferon alfa (-2a or -2b, n = 35) to HU (n = 21) in PV patients over 60 years of age.48 The CHR rate at 36 months was significantly higher in the interferon group (49% versus 19%, p = 0.045), but the rates of hematocrit control and molecular response (all partial) were not. Significantly higher proportions of patients in the interferon group maintained CHR (40% versus 7%, p = 0.048) and partial molecular response (91% versus 29%, p = 0.01) at 36 months. °©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¯e¯f¬ã¨sÁp·ù¡]MPD-RC¡^112¥þ²yIII´Á»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡]n = 82¡^»PHU¡]n = 86¡^¦b¥H«e¥¼ªvÀøªº±wªÌ¤¤ªº³Ì²×¤ÀªRµ²ªG¡]HU <3Ó¤ë¡^ ¡^³Ìªñ´£¥X¤F°ª·ÀIPV©ÎET¡]®Ú¾Ú2008¦~WHO¼Ð·Ç½T©w¡A¯e¯f«ùÄò®É¶¡<5¦~¡^.46ªvÀø²Õ¦b§¹¥þ©ÎÁ`Åé¤ÏÀ³²v¡]ORR¡^¤è±¨S¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¡C©Î24Ó¤ë¡C¦³½ìªº¬O¡A§¹¦¨¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡]CHR¡^ªº¹ê²{»P¤@¨Ç¯gª¬©M¥Í¬¡½è¶q°Ñ¼Æªº´c¤Æ¦³Ãö.47¨âºØÃĪ«ªº¬r©Ê¯S¼x¤£¦P¡A¦ý¬r©Ê¤£¬O¥ô¦ó¤@²Õ¤¤¤îªº¥Dnì¦]¡C¦bET±wªÌ¤¤§ó±`¨£°©Åè¯f²z¤ÏÀ³¡A¦ý¨âÓªvÀø²Õ¤§¶¡¨S¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§.46 III´ÁDALIAH¸ÕÅç±N«²Õ¤zÂZ¯À£\¡]-2a©Î-2b¡An = 35¡^»PHU¡]n¡^¶i¦æ¤ñ¸û¦b60·³¥H¤WªºPV±wªÌ¤¤¡A46Ӥ몺CHR²vÅãµÛ°ª©ó°®ÂZ¯À²Õ¡]49¢H¹ï19¢H¡Ap = 0.045¡^¡A¦ý¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e±±¨î²v©M¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³²v¡]§¡¬°§½³¡¡^ ¡^ ¤£¬O¡C¦b36Ó¤ë®É¡A¤zÂZ¯À²Õ¤¤ÅãµÛ§ó°ª¤ñ¨Òªº±wªÌºû«ùCHR¡]40¢H¹ï7¢H¡Ap = 0.048¡^©M³¡¤À¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡]91¢H¹ï29¢H¡Ap = 0.01¡^¡C Treatment discontinuation was significantly more frequent among interferon-treated patients (p = 0.03).48 The MPD-RC has also studied pegylated interferon alfa-2a in patients with high-risk PV (n = 50) or ET (n = 65) in the second-line setting after failure (resistance or intolerance) of HU.49 The ORR at 12 months was 69.2% in patients with ET and 60% in those with PV. The best ORR by intention-to-treat analysis was 70.8% for ET and 64% for PV. Overall, eight patients (11.1%) achieved a bone marrow complete response and seven of these eight patients had a hematologic response. The rate of CHR was higher among CALR-mutated patients (56.3% versus 28.6%, p = 0.02).49 ¦b¤zÂZ¯ÀªvÀøªº±wªÌ¤¤¡AªvÀø¤¤¤îªºÀW²v§ó°ª¡]p = 0.03¡^.48 MPD-RCÁÙ¬ã¨s¤F°ª·ÀIPV¡]n = 50¡^©ÎET¡]n = 65¡^±wªÌªº»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡C HU49¥¢±Ñ«áªº¤G½u³]¸m¡]ªý¤O©Î¤£@¨ü¡^¡C¦b12Ó¤ë®É¡AET±wªÌªºORR¬°69.2¢H¡APV±wªÌ¬°60¢H¡C·N¦VªvÀø¤ÀªRªº³Ì¨ÎORR¬°ET¬°70.8¢H¡APV¬°64¢H¡CÁ`Åé¦Ó¨¥¡A8¦W±wªÌ¡]11.1¢H¡^Àò±o¤F°©Å觹¥þ¤ÏÀ³¡A¨ä¤¤7¦W±wªÌ¦³¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡C CALR¬ðÅܱwªÌªºCHR²v¸û°ª¡]56.3¢H¹ï28.6¢H¡Ap = 0.02¡^.49 Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (peg-proline-interferon alfa-2b) is a novel, monopegylated interferon that can be administered once every 2 weeks. In the single-arm, open-label phase I/II PEGINVERA study in 51 patients with PV, this agent produced an ORR of 90%, with 47% complete and 43% partial responses.50 The rates of best molecular response were complete (CMR) in 21% and partial in 47%. Overall, three patients, two of whom had more than one chromosomal aberration, achieved complete cytogenetic responses.51 This agent was then taken forward into a phase III registrational trial in Europe, termed the PROUD/CONTI-PV trial. Aiming to recruit an ¡¥early¡¦ PV population, the investigators enrolled both treatment-naïve high-risk patients requiring cytoreduction as well as those who had received HU for <3 years but had not achieved a CHR. The initial part of the trial (PROUD-PV) was designed to show non-inferiority of ropeginterferon alfa-2b to HU in terms of CHR rate at 12 months, and met its primary endpoint.52 In the second part of the trial (CONTI-PV), 95 patients received ropeginterferon alfa-2b and 76 received best available therapy (BAT).53 Cytopenias were more frequent in the control group, Ropeginterferon alfa-2b¡]peg-proline-interferon alfa-2b¡^¬O¤@ºØ·s«¬ªº³æPEG¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À¡A¥i¨C2¶gµ¹ÃĤ@¦¸¡C¦b51¨ÒPV±wªÌªº³æÁu¡A¶}©ñ¼Ð°OI / II´ÁPEGINVERA¬ã¨s¤¤¡A¸ÓÃĪ«²£¥ÍªºORR¬°90¢H¡A§¹¦¨47¢H¡A³¡¤À¤ÏÀ³43¢H.50³Ì¨Î¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³²v§¹¦¨¡] CMR¡^¦û21¢H¡A³¡¤À¦û47¢H¡CÁ`Åé¦Ó¨¥¡A¤T¦W±wªÌ¡]¨ä¤¤¨â¦W±wªÌ¦³¤@ºØ¥H¤Wªº¬V¦âÅé·îÅÜ¡^¹ê²{¤F§¹¥þªº²ÓM¿ò¶Ç¾Ç¤ÏÀ³.51¸ÓÃĪ«ÀH«á³Q±À¶i¼Ú¬wªºIII´Áµn°O¸ÕÅç¡AºÙ¬°PROUD / CONTI-PV¸ÕÅç¡C¬°¤F©Û¶Ò¡§¦´Á¡¨PV¤H¸s¡A¬ã¨s¤Hû©Û¶Ò¤F¬J©¹»Ýn²ÓM´î®eªºªvÀøªì´Á°ª·ÀI±wªÌ¡A¥H¤Î±µ¨üHU <3¦~¦ý©|¥¼¹F¨ìCHRªº±wªÌ¡C¸ÕÅ窺ªì©l³¡¤À¡]PROUD-PV¡^¦®¦bÅã¥Ü÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯À£\-2b¹ïHU¦b12Ó¤ë®ÉªºCHR²v¤è±ªº«D¦H®Ä©Ê¡A¨Ã¥B¹F¨ì¨ä¥Dn²×ÂI.52¦b¸ÕÅ窺²Ä¤G³¡¤À¡]CONTI¡^ -PV¡^¡A95¨Ò±wªÌ±µ¨ü¤Fgalginterferon alfa-2b¡A76¨Ò±wªÌ±µ¨ü¤F³Ì¨ÎªvÀø¡]BAT¡^.53¹ï·Ó²Õ¦å²ÓM´î¤Ö§óÀWÁc¡A while increased liver enzymes and myalgias were more prominent in the interferon group. CHR rates were numerically higher after 12 months of treatment in the HU group (75% versus 62.1%, p = 0.12), while at 2 and 3 years, CHR rates significantly favored ropeginterferon alfa-2b (70.5%) over BAT (≈50%, p = 0.01). At 3 years, the rate of CHR plus improvement in disease burden (splenomegaly and symptoms) was also significantly higher for ropeginterferon alfa-2b than for BAT (52.6% versus 37.8%, p = 0.04), while it was nonsignificantly higher in the HU arm after 12 months (51.3% versus 46.3%, p = 0.5), underscoring the fact that responses to interferon take time. A very similar pattern was observed with regard to reduction of the JAK2 V617F allele burden, with numerically more patients in the HU arm having a molecular response by 12 months (50.7% versus 43.6%, p = 0.5), while 66% of ropeginterferon alfa-2b patients compared with 27% of BAT patients had achieved a molecular response by 3 years (p < 0.0001). In contrast with previously reported findings with interferon alfa-2a,54 significant declines in non-JAK2 mutant allele burdens were observed on ropeginterferon alfa-2b.53 Ropeginterferon alfa-2b (Besremi) has since received a ¡¥positive opinion¡¦ from the European Medicines Agency, recommending the granting of marketing authorization for the drug for the treatment of PV without symptomatic splenomegaly.55 ¦Ó°®ÂZ¯À²Õ¤¤¨x酶©M¦Ùµhªº¼W¥[§ó¬°¬ð¥X¡C¦bHU²ÕªvÀø12Ó¤ë«á¡ACHR²v¦b¼ÆȤW§ó°ª¡]75¢H¹ï62.1¢H¡Ap = 0.12¡^¡A¦Ó¦b2¦~©M3¦~®É¡ACHR²vÅãµÛÀu©ógalgªºª¢¯g¤zÂZ¯À£\-2b¡]70.5¢H¡^¡]≈50¡^ ¢H¡Ap = 0.01¡^¡C¦b3¦~®É¡ACHR¥[¤W¯e¯ft¾á¡]µÊ¸~¤j©M¯gª¬¡^ªº§ïµ½²v¤]ÅãµÛ°ª©óBAT¡]52.6¢H¹ï37.8¢H¡Ap = 0.04¡^¡A¦Ó¦bHU¤¤«hÅãµÛ§ó°ª¡C 12Ó¤ë«á¤âÁu¡]51.3¢H¹ï46.3¢H¡Ap = 0.5¡^¡A±j½Õ¹ï°®ÂZ¯Àªº¤ÏÀ³»Ýn®É¶¡¡C¦b´î¤ÖJAK2 V617Fµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²ü¤è±Æ[¹î¨ì«D±`¬Û¦üªº¼Ò¦¡¡AHUÁu¤¤ªº¼Æ¶q§ó¦hªº±wªÌѦ³12Ӥ몺¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡]50.7¢H¹ï43.6¢H¡Ap = 0.5¡^¡A¦Ó÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯À£\ªº66¢H -2b±wªÌ»P27¢HªºBAT±wªÌ¬Û¤ñ¡A¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¹F¨ì3¦~¡]p <0.0001¡^¡C»P¤§«e³ø¾Éªº¤zÂZ¯À£\-2aªº¬ã¨sµ²ªG¬Û¤ñ¡A¦b÷¯Á¤zÂZ¯Àalfa-2b.53¤WÆ[¹î¨ì54Ó«DJAK2¬ðÅÜÅéµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²üÅãµÛ¤U°Ropeginterferon alfa-2b¡]Besremi¡^¦Û¦¹Àò±o¼Ú¬wÃĪ«ªº¡§¿n·¥·N¨£¡¨¾÷ºc¡A«Øij±Â¤©PVªvÀøÃĪ«ªº¤W¥«³\¥i¡AµL¯gª¬©ÊµÊ¸~¤j.55 Ruxolitinib The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib is currently approved for the treatment of patients with PV whose disease is resistant to or who are intolerant of HU, based on superiority over BAT demonstrated in the RESPONSE and RESPONSE-2 studies in patients with and without splenomegaly, respectively.56,57 Although the formal European LeukemiaNet (ELN) definition of HU resistance requires a dose of 2 g daily for at least 3 months,58 real-world studies indicate that this dose is infrequently achieved.59 Resistance to HU as defined by the ELN, and in particular, having no response in leukocyte count, has been associated with a higher risk of death and leukemic transformation. JAK1 / 2§í»s¾¯ruxolitinib¥Ø«e³Q§åã¥Î©óªvÀøPV±wªÌ¡A¸Ó±wªÌªº¯e¯f¹ïHU¨ã¦³§Ü©Ê©Î¤£@¨ü¡A°ò©ó¦b¦³µÊ¸~¤j©MµLµÊ¸~¤j±wªÌªºRESPONSE©MRESPONSE-2¬ã¨s¤¤ÃÒ©úªºÀu©óBATªºÀu¶Õ.56,57¾¨ºÞ¥¿¦¡ªº¼Ú¬w¥Õ¦å¯fºô¡]ELN¡^¹ïHU@ÃĪº©w¸q»Ýn¨C¤Ñ2 g¾¯¶q¦Ü¤Ö3Ó¤ë¡A¦ý58¶µ¹ê»Ú¬ã¨sªí©ú³oºØ¾¯¶q«Ü¤Ö¹F¨ì.59¹ïHUªº§Ü©Ê©w¸q¦p¤U¡G ELN¡A¯S§O¬O¹ï¥Õ²ÓMp¼Æ¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³¡A»P¦º¤`©M¥Õ¦å¯fÂà¤Æªº·ÀI¸û°ª¦³Ãö¡C 60 Among the different criteria for HU intolerance, the development of cytopenias at the lowest dose of HU needed to achieve a complete or partial response appears to be associated with a higher risk of myelofibrotic progression, leukemic transformation and death.61 While the need for phlebotomies on HU would intuitively suggest poorly controlled/more proliferative disease, studies have arrived at opposite conclusions as to whether this has a deleterious impact on the incidence of thrombotic events.62,63 In RESPONSE, the rates of hematocrit control, spleen volume reduction (SVR), CHR and ⩾50% reduction in total symptom score (TSS) at week 32 were 60% and 20%, 38% and 1%, 24% and 9%, and 49% and 5%, for ruxolitinib and BAT, respectively.56 There was a trend towards fewer thrombotic events in the ruxolitinib group. ¦bHU¤£@¨üªº¤£¦P¼Ð·Ç¤¤¡A¦b³Ì§C¾¯¶qªºHU»Ýn¹F¨ì§¹¥þ©Î³¡¤À¤ÏÀ³ªº¦å²ÓM´î¤Öªºµo®i¦ü¥G»P°©ÅèÅÖºû¤Æ¶i®i¡A¥Õ¦å¯fÂà¤Æ©M¦º¤`ªº·ÀI¸û°ª¦³Ãö.61ÁöµM»ÝnÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N¦bHU¤Wª½Æ[¦aªí©ú±±¨î¤£¨}/¼W´Þ©Ê§ó±jªº¯e¯f¡A¬ã¨s±o¥X¤F¬Û¤Ïªºµ²½×¡A§Y³o¬O§_·|¹ï¦å®ê§Î¦¨¨Æ¥óªºµo¥Í²v²£¥Í¦³®`¼vÅT.62,63¦b¦^À³¤¤¡A¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e±±¨î²v¡AµÊŦÅé¿n´î¤Ö¡]SVR¡^ ruxolitinib©MBAT¤À§O¦b²Ä32¶g®É¡AÁ`¯gª¬µû¤À¡]TSS¡^°§C¤À§O¬°60¢H©M20¢H¡A38¢H©M1¢H¡A24¢H©M9¢H¡A49¢H©M5¢H¡C .56 ruxolitinib²Õ¦å®ê¨Æ¥óµo¥Í²v°§CªºÁͶաC An interesting biologic correlate of this may be the inhibition by JAK inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which is implicated in thrombogenesis in the MPNs.64 There was also a progressive decline in the JAK2 V617F allele burden in both ruxolitinib-randomized and crossover patients, although the clinical significance of this remains unclear.65 Crossover was permitted after week 32, the time point at which the primary endpoint, a composite of hematocrit control and spleen volume reduction (SVR), was assessed, and no patient remained on BAT after week 80. The 5-year follow-up data from the RESPONSE trial were recently presented.66 At the final analysis, the Kaplan¡VMeier estimated probability of maintaining the primary response for 224 weeks (starting from week 32) in the ruxolitinib arm was 0.74, and that of maintaining clinicohematologic response (hematocrit control without phlebotomy, platelets ⩽ 400 ¡Ñ 109/l, leukocytes ⩽ 10 ¡Ñ 109/l, SVR ⩾ 35%) was 0.67, and the median durations of the primary and clinicohematologic responses had not been reached. No new safety signals emerged. The primary endpoint in RESPONSE-2 was hematocrit control at week 28, achieved by 62% of patients in the ruxolitinib arm compared with 19% of patients in the BAT arm (p < 0.0001).57 Crossover was permitted after week 28, and no patient remained on BAT by week 80. ¤@Ó¦³½ìªº¥Íª«¬ÛÃö©Ê¥i¯à¬OJAK§í¨î¤¤©Ê²É²ÓMM¥~³´¨À§Î¦¨ªº§í¨î¡A³o»PMPNs¤¤ªº¦å®ê§Î¦¨¦³Ãö.64 ruxolitinib-randomized©Mcrossover±wªÌªºJAK2 V617Fµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²ü¤]³vº¥¤U°¡AÁöµM¨äÁ{§É·N¸q©|¤£²M·¡¡C¦b²Ä32¶g«á¡A¤¹³\¥æ¤e¡A¥Dn²×ÂI¡A¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e±±¨î©MµÊŦÅé¿n´î¤Ö¡]SVR¡^ªº½Æ¦Xª«ªº®É¶¡ÂI³Qµû¦ô¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¤@©P«á¨S¦³±wªÌ¯d¦b³Ì¨Î¥i¦æ§Þ³N¤W80.³Ìªñ´£¥X¤FRESPONSE¸ÕÅ窺5¦~ÀH³X¼Æ¾Ú.66Âk®Úµ²©³¡ARuxolitinib²Õºû«ù224¶g¡]±q²Ä32¶g¶}©l¡^ªº¥Dn¤ÏÀ³ªºKaplan-Meier¦ôp·§²v¬°0.74©Mºû«ùÁ{§É¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³ªº¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e¡]¦å¤pªO±±¨îµLÀR¯ß¤Á¶}¡A¦å¤pªO⩽400¡Ñ109 / l¡A¥Õ²ÓM⩽10¡Ñ109 / l¡ASVR⩾3¡^ 5¢H¡^¬°0.67¡A¨Ã¥¼¹F¨ììµo©Ê©MÁ{§É¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³ªº¤¤¦ì«ùÄò®É¶¡¡C¨S¦³¥X²{·sªº¦w¥þ«H¸¹¡C RESPONSE-2ªº¥Dn²×ÂI¬O²Ä28¶gªº¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e±±¨î¡Aruxolitinib²Õ¦³62¢Hªº±wªÌ¹F¨ì¡A¦ÓBAT²Õªº±wªÌ¬°19¢H¡]p <0.0001¡^.57²Ä28¶g«á¤¹³\¶i¦æ¥æ¤eªvÀø¡C±wªÌ¦b²Ä80¶g¤´µM±µ¨üBATªvÀø¡C Among hematocrit responders at week 28, the probability of maintaining the response at week 80 was 78%, and durable CHR was achieved in 24% of patients in the ruxolitinib arm versus 3% in the BAT arm at week 80.67 Ruxolitinib efficacy and safety, both after and versus interferon use in the RESPONSE and RESPONSE-2 studies, was examined in an ad hoc analysis, and ruxolitinib was found superior in terms of both efficacy and tolerability when compared with interferon as BAT; furthermore, ruxolitinib was efficacious in patients who received interferon as BAT but did not respond and crossed over to receive ruxolitinib.68 Patients with PV who have splenomegaly, are on HU or require phlebotomy have high symptom burdens,69 and blood count control does not necessarily correlate with symptom control.70 The RELIEF study compared (1:1) continuation of HU with switching to ruxolitinib in 110 symptomatic patients with PV whose blood counts were well controlled on a stable dose of HU.71 The primary endpoint, a ⩾50% reduction in the TSS cytokine symptom cluster (tiredness, itching, muscle aches, night sweats and sweats while awake) at week 16, was achieved by 43.4% of patients in the ruxolitinib arm and 29.6% of patients in the HU continuation arm (p = 0.139). ¦b²Ä28¶gªº¦å²ÓM¤ñ®e¤ÏÀ³ªÌ¤¤¡A¦b²Ä80©Pºû«ù¤ÏÀ³ªº¥i¯à©Ê¬°78¢H¡A¨Ã¥B¦bruxolitinib²Õ¤¤24¢Hªº±wªÌ¹ê²{¤F«ù¤[ªºCHR¡A¦Ó¦b80.67®Éªº®Ä¤O©M¦w¥þ©Ê¡A¨âªÌ§¡¦bBATÁu¤¤¹F¨ì3¢HRuxolitinib¡C¦b¤zÂZ¯À¨Ï¥Î«á¡A¦bRESPONSE©MRESPONSE-2¬ã¨s¤¤¡A¦bÁ{®É¤ÀªR¤¤¶i¦æ¤FÀˬd¡A»P°®ÂZ¯À§@¬°BAT¬Û¤ñ¡Aruxolitinib¦b¥\®Ä©M@¨ü©Ê¤è±§¡ªí²{Àu²§;¦¹¥~¡Aruxolitinib¹ï±µ¨ü¤zÂZ¯À§@¬°BAT¦ý¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³¨Ã¥B±µ¨üruxolitinibªº±wªÌ¦³®Ä.68±w¦³µÊ¸~¤jªºPV±wªÌ¡A¦bHU©Î»ÝnÀR¯ß¤Á¶}³N®É¦³°ª¯gª¬t¾á¡A69¨Ã¥B¦å²ÓMp¼Æ±±¨î¤£¤@©wRELIEF¬ã¨s¤ñ¸û¤F¡]1¡G1¡^HUªº©µÄò»PÂà´«¬°ruxolitinibªº110¦W¦³¯gª¬ªºPV±wªÌ¡A¨ä¦å²Gp¼Æ¦béw¾¯¶qªºHU¤U±o¨ì¨}¦n±±¨î¡C¥Dn²×ÂI¡A⩾50¢H²Ä16¶g®ÉTSS²ÓM¦]¤l¯gª¬¸s¡]¯h¡Aæ±Äo¡A¦Ù¦×»Äµh¡Aµs¦½©M²M¿ô®É¥X¦½¡^´î¤Ö¡A¨ä¤¤43.4¢Hªº±wªÌ¨Ï¥Îruxolitinib²Õ¡A29.6¢Hªº±wªÌ¦bHU©µÄò²Õ¤¤¹ê²{¡]p = 0.139¡^¡C Reactivation of varicella zoster virus (shingles) and nonmelanoma skin cancers, particularly in patients with a history of the same, are important adverse events (AEs) that call for vigilance when treating patients with PV with ruxolitinib, and shingles vaccination using the inactivated (killed) virus should be considered in all patients. ¤ôµk±aª¬¯p¯l¯f¬r¡]±aª¬¯p¯l¡^©M«D¶Â¦â¯À½F¥Ö½§Àùªº¦A¿E¬¡¡A¯S§O¬O¦b¦³¬Û¦P¯f¥vªº±wªÌ¤¤¡A¬O¨Ï¥ÎruxolitinibªvÀøPV±wªÌ®É»Ýnĵ±§ªº«n¤£¨}¨Æ¥ó¡]AEs¡^¡A¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î·À¬¡ªº¡]±a±þ¦ºªº¡^±aª¬¯p¯l¬Ì]±µºØ¡^©Ò¦³±wªÌ³£À³¦Ò¼{¯f¬r¡C Ruxolitinib is not currently approved for ET, although several trials are ongoing (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02577926, NCT02962388, NCT03123588). Ruxolitinib was compared with BAT in 110 patients with ET and HU resistance or intolerance in the investigator-initiated MAJIC-ET RCT in the United Kingdom.72 At 1 year, there was no significant difference in CHR rates (46.6% with ruxolitinib and 44.2% with BAT, p = 0.4), and rates of thrombosis, hemorrhage and transformation were no different at 2 years. However, improvement in disease-related symptoms was greater in patients receiving ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib was also studied in 39 HU-resistant/intolerant patients with ET in an open-label, single-arm trial.73 Rapid decreases in leukocyte and platelet counts through the first 4 weeks of therapy were noted, followed by normalization/stabilization, and ⩾50% improvements in ET-related symptom scores, for example, bone pain, pruritus, night sweats, numbness/tingling and weakness between baseline and after 12 weeks of therapy occurred in the majority of patients. The recently published results of the MPN Landmark Survey have drawn attention to the symptom burden faced by patients with ET, PV and MF, and their relative underappreciation by physicians.74¡V76 Ruxolitinib¥Ø«e©|¥¼³Q§åã¥Î©óET¡A¾¨ºÞ¥¿¦b¶i¦æY¤z¸ÕÅç¡]ClinicalTrials.gov¼ÐÃѲšGNCT02577926¡ANCT02962388¡ANCT03123588¡^¡C¦b^°ê¬ã¨sªÌµo°_ªºMAJIC-ET RCT¤¤¡A110¨ÒET©MHU@ÃĩΤ£@¨üªº±wªÌ¨Ï¥ÎRuxolitinib»PBAT¶i¦æ¤ñ¸û¡C72¦b1¦~®É¡ACHR²v¨S¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¡]ruxolitinib¬°46.6¢H¡A44.2¢H BAT¡Ap = 0.4¡^¡A¦å®ê§Î¦¨¡A¥X¦å©MÂà¤Æ²v¦b2¦~®É¨S¦³®t²§¡CµM¦Ó¡A±µ¨üruxolitinibªº±wªÌ¤¤¯e¯f¬ÛÃö¯gª¬ªº§ïµ½§ó¤j¡C¦b¶}©ñ¼ÐÅÒªº³æÁu¸ÕÅ礤¡AÁÙ¹ï39¨ÒHU@ÃÄ/¤£@¨üET±wªÌ¶i¦æ¤FRuxolitinib¬ã¨s.73ª`·N¨ìªvÀø«e4¶g¥Õ²ÓM©M¦å¤pªOp¼Æ¨³³t¤U°¡AÀH«áÂk¤@¤Æ/éw¡A¦b¤j¦h¼Æ±wªÌ¤¤¡AET¬ÛÃö¯gª¬µû¤À§ïµ½50¢H¡A¨Ò¦p°©µh¡Aæ±Äo¡Aµs¦½¡A³Â¤ì/¨ëµh¥H¤Î°ò½u©MªvÀø12¶g«áªºµL¤O¡C MPN Landmark Survey³Ìªñ¤½§Gªºµ²ªG¤Þ°_¤F¤H̹ïET¡APV©MMF±wªÌ©Ò±Á{ªº¯gª¬t¾áªºÃöª`¡A¥H¤Î¥L̹ïÂå¥Íªº¬Û¹ï§C¦ô.74-76 Investigational approaches: human double minute 2 inhibition and other strategies Human double minute 2 (HDM2) is the physiologic negative regulator of p53 and small-molecule inhibition of HDM2 is being pursued as a therapeutic strategy in cancer types where deletion or mutation of TP53 is uncommon, such as de novo AML, as a means of restoring the function of wild-type TP53 and inducing apoptosis. Although TP53 mutations are common in the blast phase of MPNs,77 they are quite rare in chronic-phase disease, especially in PV and ET. Furthermore, JAK2 V617F enhances the expression of HDM2 in MPNs.78 Idasanutlin is an orally bioavailable antagonist of HDM2 that preferentially eliminated JAK2 V617F+ MPN hematopoietic progenitor cells, both alone and synergistically with pegylated interferon alfa-2a, and pretreatment of PV and PMF CD34+ cells decreased donor-derived chimerism as well as JAK2 V617F allele burden upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice in preclinical studies.79 These findings were subsequently translated into an investigator-initiated phase I trial in patients with high-risk, JAK2-mutated PV (n = 11) or ET (n = 1) who were resistant/intolerant to at least one prior therapy (HU, interferon or anagrelide). ¬ã¨s¤èªk¡G¤HÃþÂù¤ÀÄÁ2§í¨î©M¨ä¥Lµ¦²¤ ¤HÃþÂù¤ÀÄÁ2¡]HDM2¡^¬Op53ªº¥Í²z¾Çt½Õ¸`¦]¤l¡A¨Ã¥BHDM2ªº¤p¤À¤l§í»s§@¬°Àù¯gÃþ«¬ªºªvÀøµ¦²¤³Q°l¨D¡A¨ä¤¤TP53ªº¯Ê¥¢©Î¬ðÅܬO¨u¨£ªº¡A¨Ò¦p±qÀYAML¡A§@¬°¤@ºØ¤â¬q«ì´_³¥¥Í«¬TP53ªº¥\¯à¨Ã»¤¾É²ÓMä¤`¡C¾¨ºÞTP53¬ðÅܦbMPNªº«æÅÜ´Á«Ü±`¨£¡A¦ý¥¦Ì¦bºC©Ê´Á¯e¯f¤¤«D±`¨u¨£¡A¯S§O¬O¦bPV©MET¤¤¡C¦¹¥~¡AJAK2 V617F¼W±j¤FMPNs¤¤HDM2ªºªí¹F.78 Idasanutlin¬OHDM2ªº¤fªA¥Íª«¥i§Q¥Î«ú§Ü¾¯¡AÀu¥ý®ø°£JAK2 V617F + MPN³y¦å¯ª²ÓM¡A³æ¿W©M¨ó¦P§@¥Î»P»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡A¥H¤ÎPV©MPMF CD34 +²ÓMªº¹w³B²z¦bÁ{§É«e¬ã¨s¤¤²¾´Ó¤J§K¬Ì¯Ê³´¤p¹««á¡A¨ÑÅé¨Ó·½´O¦XÅé¥H¤ÎJAK2 V617Fµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²ü´î¤Ö.79³o¨Ç¬ã¨sµ²ªGÀH«á³QÂà¤Æ¬°¬ã¨sªÌ±Ò°ÊªºI´Á°ª·ÀIJAK2¬ðÅÜPV±wªÌ¸ÕÅç¡]n = 11¡^ ¡^©ÎET¡]n = 1¡^¹ï¦Ü¤Ö¤@ºØ¥ý«eÀøªk¡]HU¡A¤zÂZ¯À©Îªü¨º®æ¹p¡^@ÃÄ/¤£@¨ü¡C 80 Baseline HDM2 levels were higher in study participants than in healthy controls, and plasma MIC-1 levels were significantly increased in the six patients tested following treatment with idasanutlin, signaling activation of the p53 pathway. Idasanutlin was given on days 1¡V5 of each cycle, and pegylated interferon alfa-2a could be added after six cycles of idasanutlin monotherapy in patients with a suboptimal response. No grade 4 nonhematologic AE occurred at either the 100 mg or 150 mg daily dose of idasanutlin, and no hematologic AE of any grade occurred. Grade 3 headache, fatigue and pain occurred in one patient each, but no grade 3/4 gastrointestinal AE was observed. Anti-emetic prophylaxis was routine. The ORR by ELN-International Working Group (IWG) criteria81 was 75% (9 of 12), with 7 responders (4 complete and 3 partial) in part A (idasanutlin monotherapy) and 2 additional responders (1 complete and 1 partial) in part B (idasanutlin plus pegylated interferon alfa-2a). The TSS declined by ⩾50% in most patients, and the median reduction in the mutant JAK2 allele burden was 43%. Bone marrow histomorphologic responses were also observed. A patient with a p53 mutation at baseline did not respond. Idasanutlin is now being tested in a global, single-arm phase II trial in patients with HU-resistant/intolerant PV (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03287245). °ò½uHDM2¤ô¥¦b¬ã¨s°Ñ»PªÌ¤¤°ª©ó°·±d¹ï·Ó¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¥ÎidasanutlinªvÀø«á´ú¸Õªº6¦W±wªÌ¤¤¡A¦å¼ßMIC-1¤ô¥ÅãµÛ¼W¥[¡A±q¦Óµo«H¸¹³qª¾p53³~®|ªº¿E¬¡¡C Idasanutlin¦b¨CÓ¶g´Áªº²Ä1-5¤Ñµ¹¤©¡A¨Ã¥B¦b¨ã¦³¦¸ÀuÀ³µªªº±wªÌ¤¤¡A¦b¤»Óidasanutlin³æ¤@Àøªk¶g´Á«á¥i¥H²K¥[»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡C¦b100mg©Î150mg¤é¾¯¶qªºidasanutlin¤¤¨S¦³µo¥Í4¯Å«D¦å²G¾ÇAE¡A¨Ã¥B¨S¦³µo¥Í¥ô¦óµ¥¯Åªº¦å²G¾ÇAE¡C¨C¨Ò±wªÌµo¥Í3¯ÅÀYµh¡A¯h³Ò©M¯kµh¡A¦ý¥¼Æ[¹î¨ì3/4¯ÅG¸z¹DAE¡C¤î¦RÃĹw¨¾¬O±`³Wªº¡C ELN-°ê»Ú¤u§@²Õ¡]IWG¡^¼Ð·Ç81ªºORR¬°75¢H¡]12/9¡^¡A¨ä¤¤7ÓÀ³µªªÌ¡]4Ó§¹¥þ©M3Ó³¡¤À¡^¦bA³¡¤À¡]idasanutlin³æÃĪvÀø¡^©M2ÓÃB¥~À³µªªÌ¡]1Ó§¹¥þ©M1Ó³¡¤À¡^ B³¡¤À¡]idasanutlin¥[»E¤A¤G¾J¤Æ¤zÂZ¯À£\-2a¡^¡C¤j¦h¼Æ±wªÌªºTSS¤U°¤F50¢H¡A¬ðÅÜ«¬JAK2µ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²üªº¤¤¦ì¼Æ¤U°¬°43¢H¡CÁÙÆ[¹î¨ì°©Åè²Õ´§ÎºA¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡C°ò½u®Ép53¬ðÅܪº±wªÌ¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³¡C Idasanutlin¥Ø«e¥¿¦b°w¹ïHU@ÃÄ/¤£@¨üPV±wªÌªº¥þ²y³æÁuII´Á¸ÕÅ礤¶i¦æ´ú¸Õ¡]ClinicalTrials.gov¼ÐÃѲšGNCT03287245¡^¡C A more potent oral agent, KRT-232, is also being explored in a two-part phase II study in phlebotomy-dependent patients with PV (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03669965). Part A of this trial is a dose- and schedule-finding portion in HU-resistant/intolerant or interferon-pretreated patients, while part B is planned to be a randomized comparison of KRT-232 (at the optimal dose and schedule to be derived from part A) to ruxolitinib in HU-resistant/intolerant patients with splenomegaly, as in RESPONSE. ¤@ºØ§ó¦³®Äªº¤fªAÃĪ«KRT-232¤]¥¿¦b¤@¶µ¨â³¡¤ÀªºII´Á¬ã¨s¤¤¶i¦æ±´¯Á¡A¸Ó¬ã¨s¯A¤ÎPV©ñ¦å¨Ì¿à±wªÌ¡]ClinicalTrials.gov¼ÐÃѲšGNCT03669965¡^¡C¸Ó¸ÕÅ窺A³¡¤À¬OHU@ÃÄ/¤£@¨ü©Î°®ÂZ¯À¹w³B²z±wªÌªº¾¯¶q©M®É¶¡ªíµo²{³¡¤À¡A¦ÓB³¡¤Àp¹º¬OKRT-232ªºÀH¾÷¤ñ¸û¡]¥H³Ì¨Î¾¯¶q©M®É¶¡ªí±o¥X¡^±q³¡¤ÀA¡^¨ì¨ã¦³µÊ¸~¤jªºHU@ÃÄ/¤£@¨ü±wªÌªºruxolitinib¡A¦p¦b¦^À³¤¤¡C Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), for example, vorinostat, givinostat, are active in PV, both in murine models82 and in the clinic,83,84 but the chronic, low-grade toxicities of these agents make them difficult to administer for long periods, making the future of this class of agents uncertain in MPNs as a whole.85 The telomerase inhibitor imetelstat produced high rates of best hematologic response (100%; 89% CHR) and molecular response in a small study in patients with previously treated ET (n = 18),86 but toxicity was significant, and current development of this agent in MPNs is focused on MF.87 The same is true of the recently resurrected JAK1/2 inhibitor momelotinib which, while promising in terms of anemia and symptom benefits in patients with MF,88,89 had limited efficacy in patients with PV or ET.90 ²Õ³J¥Õ¥h¤A酰¤Æ酶§í»s¾¯¡]HDACis¡^¡A¨Ò¦p¥ñ¥ß¿Õ¥L¡Agivinostat¡A¦b¤p¹«¼Ò«¬82©MÁ{§É¤¤§¡¦³¬¡©Ê¡A83,84¦ý³o¨ÇÃĪ«ªººC©Ê§C¯Å¬r©Ê¨Ï¥¦ÌÃø¥Hªø´Áµ¹Ãijo¨Ï±o³oÃþÃĪ«ªº¥¼¨Ó¦b¾ãÓMPNs¤¤¤£½T©w.85ºÝ²É酶§í»s¾¯imetelstat¦b¥ý«eªvÀøªºET±wªÌªº¤@¶µ¤p«¬¬ã¨s¤¤²£¥Í¤F³Ì°ªªº¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³²v¡]100¢H; 89¢HCHR¡^©M¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡] n = 18¡^¡A86¦ý¬O¬r©Ê¬OÅãµÛªº¡A¨Ã¥B³oºØÃĪ«¦bMPN¤¤ªº·í«eµo®i¶°¤¤©óMF.87³Ìªñ´_¬¡ªºJAK1 / 2§í»s¾¯momelotinib¤]¬O¦p¦¹¡A¨ä¦P®É¦b³h¦å©M¯gª¬¯q³B¤è±¦³§Æ±æ¡C MF¡A88,89±wªÌ¹ïPV©ÎET±wªÌªºÀø®Ä¦³.90 Conclusion µ²½× After many years of a relative lack of progress in PV and ET, the regulatory approval of ruxolitinib and the impending approval (in the European Union) of ropeginterferon alfa-2b for PV represent important therapeutic advances that have kindled interest in investigating other, mechanism-based agents, for example, HDM2 inhibitors, for the treatment of these largely indolent conditions. From a clinical practice standpoint, increasing awareness of the deleterious effects of leukocytosis and the symptom burden faced by patients with PV and ET may influence practice patterns and drug development efforts. Ultimately, patients and providers alike await the arrival of agents that can modify the underlying disease biology so as to prevent progression to MF and transformation to AML. ¦bPV©MET¬Û¹ï¯Ê¥F¶i®i¦h¦~«á¡AruxolitinibªººÊºÞ§åã©M§Y±N§åã¡]¦b¼Ú·ù¡^¥Î©óPVªºropeginterferon alfa-2b¥Nªí¤F«nªºªvÀø¶i®i¡A³o¨Ç¶i®i¤Þ°_¤F¹ï½Õ¬d¨ä¥L¾÷¨îªº¿³½ì - °ò©óÃľ¯¡A¨Ò¦pHDM2§í»s¾¯¡A¥Î©óªvÀø³o¨Ç°ò¥»¤W´k©Êªº¯f¯g¡C±qÁ{§É¹ê½îªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡A´£°ª¹ï¥Õ²ÓM¼W¦hªº¦³®`¼vÅTªº»{ÃÑ¥H¤ÎPV©MET±wªÌ±Á{ªº¯gª¬t¾á¥i¯à·|¼vÅT¹ê½î¼Ò¦¡©MÃĪ«¶}µo¤u§@¡C³Ì²×¡A±wªÌ©M´£¨ÑªÌ³£¦bµ¥«Ý¯à°÷§ïÅܼç¦b¯e¯f¥Íª«¾ÇªºÃľ¯ªº¨ì¨Ó¡A¥H¨¾¤î¶i®i¨ìMF¨ÃÂà¤Æ¬°AML¡C Funding ¸êª÷ The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. §@ªÌ¥¼¦¬¨ì¥»¤å¬ã¨s¡A§@ªÌ©M/©Î¥Xª©ª«ªº°]°È¤ä«ù¡C Conflict of interest statement §Q¯q½Ä¬ðÁn©ú PB reports honoraria from Incyte Corporation, Celgene Corporation and Blueprint Medicines Corporation, and research funding from Incyte Corporation, Celgene Corporation, CTI BioPharma, Kartos Therapeutics, Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Inc., Astellas Pharmaceuticals, NS-Pharma, Promedior and Blueprint Medicines Corporation. PB³ø§i¨Ó¦ÛIncyte Corporation¡ACelgene Corporation©MBlueprint Medicines Corporationªº¹Sª÷¡A¥H¤Î¨Ó¦ÛIncyte Corporation¡ACelgene Corporation¡ACTI BioPharma¡AKartos Therapeutics¡AConstellation Pharmaceuticals¡APfizer¡AInc.¡AAstellas Pharmaceuticals¡ANS-Pharma¡APromedior©MBlueprint Medicines Corporationªº¬ã¨s¸g¶O¡C ¡C |
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¼C¤l´X¦~«e§ë¸ê¹L¤¤¸Î»PÃĵØÃÄ¡A ·í®É¥Í§ÞªÑ¼ö¾x«D¤Z¡Aª^³ò¦ü½Ö®³¨ìÃÄÃÒ½Ö´N¬O¥¼¨ÓªÑ¤ý¡A ¤×¨ä¥«³õ¤¤¤ß´N¦b¯E¹© ¤¤¸Î ÃĵØÃÄ¡A ²{¤µ¤¤¸Î»PÃĵØÃĤ]¦p´ÁÃÄÃÒ¨ì¤â¡AÃÄ«~¤w¶}½æ¡A ¦ýÀ˵øªÑ»ù¯u¬O±~ºG¡Aì¨Ó¥»¹Ú¤ñ´«¦¨¥»¯q¤ñ¬O´Ý»Åªº¡C ¦b¨º¦¸§ë¸êµ²§½¬O½ß¤F80´X¸U¡A ¥u¬O¤p§Ì¦b¨º¦¸§ë¸ê«á´N¹Ú¿ô¤F¡A ¦Ûª¾·sÃĪѫD¦Û¤v¯à°÷²z¸Ñ»P´x±±¡A ©Ò¦³¸ê°T³£¨Ó¦Û¤½¥q¬£»P¸ê°T´CÅé¡A ¦b°]³ø¸ÑŪ¤W®Ú¥»¨S¦³·N¸q¡A¦]¬°À禬¬O¹s¡A §ÚÌ´x±±¤£¤Fªº¨Æ±¡¤Ó¦h¡A ¼C¤l±N¥Í§Þ·sÃĪѡAÂkÃþ¬°¶W¯Å§ë¾÷ªÑ¡A±q¦¹¤£¸I¡C ·Q¦bªÑ¥«ÁÈ¿úÀ³¸Ó¬O¦@ÃÑ¡A ¼C¤l¯à°÷µ¹ªº«Øij´N¬O¡m¿ï¾Ü¡n¡A ¿ï¾Ü§A¼ô±xªº²£·~¾Þ§@»P¦Û¤v¥i¥H´x´¤¸ê°Tªº¤½¥q¾Þ§@¡A ¤£À´ªº©Î¬Ý¤£À´ªº¤Ö¸I¡A ¸êª÷°t¸m¤£nºb±ì¤Ó°ª¡]¤Ó¦hªº¿Ä¸ê¡^¡A ¦p¦¹¡A³Ó²v¤~¯à´£°ª¡A ¦p¦¹¡A¤~¯à¦bªÑ¥«¬¡µÛ¡A ¼C¤l¹ïĹ®aªº¨£¸Ñ¬O¡A¼´°÷¤F¿ú³£©ñ¦b¤f³U¡A±q¦¹Â÷¶}ªÑ¥«¡A³o¼Ë¤~ºâ¯uĹ®a¡A¯¬ºÖ¦U¦ì³£¯à¶}¤ßÂ÷¶}ªÑ¥«¡C |
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·|û¡Gavandia10146474 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 08:39:59²Ä 7197 ½g¦^À³
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Ãĵت©¤W©Ò¦³ªº·¦V ¨¥½× ³£·|¹ïªÑ»ùµo¥Í¼vÅT ¤×¨ä¬O ·í°Q½×ªº¸ÜÃDµLªk¶°¤¤¦b ÃĪ«¥»½è ©Î¬O ²£·~«e´º¤Wªº®ÉÔ ·Q·Q ¦pªG·íªì160-180¨º®É¼W¸ê¤£nºM¦^ªº¸Ü ²{¦bªÑ»ù¥i¯àÁÙ¤£¦Ü©ó¦p¦¹²YºG ¯u¥¿ªºªø½u§ë¸ê¤H ¤@©w¬Onµ¥ ¼W¸êµ²§ôÁÙ¦³¬ü°êÃÄÃҥӽж}©l¤§«á ¤@¤Á¤£½T©w¦]¯À§i¤@Ó¬q¸¨¤~·|¶}©l¶i³õ |
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·|û¡GÀ³µL©Ò¦í10144738 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 05:12:27²Ä 7196 ½g¦^À³
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1.ªÑªFºÊ·þºÞ²z°ª¼h/¤½¥q ¤Ñ¸g¦a¸q 2.¥h¦~ÁÙµL¬Ý¦n¡A«H¤ßº¡º¡´£°ª²{¼W»ù~~ -->©Ò¥H¬O»ù°ª´N·Q¿ìªk±q¥þ³¡ªÑªF¤f³U®³¿ú -->»ù®æ§C¡A´N.......(¥i¥H¦Xªk¦ý¥i®¢ªºªÎ´þ´þ?) 3.ªñ¨â¦~¤wµo4400±i80/90¤¸ªº»{ªÑÅv ¤½§i»¡¡A¥i¥H¦h¤èÄw¸ê¡A§Æ±æ¤½¥q°µ¥X¹ï¤½¥q/©Ò¦³ªÑªF³Ì¦nªº¤è®× |
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·|û¡G¤ý¸I¥J10148138 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 04:31:33²Ä 7195 ½g¦^À³
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ªÑ»ù¶^ ª©¤W¤S¦A§n¤F ªO¥D³£»¡¤F ½Ð¨D¤j®aª`«·sÃĶi«× ²{¦b¤S¶}©l¬nÃD §Ú¬Ý³oª©¥ýÃö°_¨Óµ¥¨ì ¬üÃÒ¤W¥«¦A¶}¦n¤F §Kªº§n¤@°ï ¤H¤ß·W·W |
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·|û¡G«¼CµL¾W10030199 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 03:04:26²Ä 7194 ½g¦^À³
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ÃĵØÃĪº¤½¥q¡A´L·qªº Alan Liu ºô¤Íµ¥¡A¦³¦b follow ¥²´Iºô ¡G «¼C ¡A°J¤ßµ½·Nªº«ØijÃĵØÃĤ½¥q¡A ºM®ø ¤º³¡¤H À³¶Ò ¡C ¦pªG¤@©w»Ýn§â ¤º³¡¤H Â\µÛ¡A ´N¥[¤@¥y : ìªÑªF¨Ì¤ñ¨Òú´ÚÀu¥ý¡C ¤£¨¬¡A«h¥Ñ¤º³¡¤HÀ³¶Ò Alan Liu ¡AÁ|¤@¨Ç¨Ò¤l: ©ú°òÂå¡B¤Í¹F¡B©ô§»¡A¨Ó¤ä«ù½×ÂI¡A¥u¬OÃĵئۤv¥´Áy¦Û¤v¡A ¤H®a®Ú¥»¨S¦³ ¤@°ï/´X¥G¥þ³¡°ª¶¥ ªº ¤º³¡¤H ¦b2000®aªº¤W¥«¤WÂd¿³Âd¡A ¹³Ãĵئp¦¹¤j»¶»¶¡A²@¤£Á׶ûªº¡A¤½§i ¤º³¡¤H À³¶Ò¡A ¤]ÄÝ©ó «D±`¨u¨£ ¡C ´NºâÃĵدàÁ|¥X ´XÓ¨Ò¤l¡A ¤]¦p¦P´XÓ Þû¦Ì ¤@¼Ë¡A ¤£¨¬¬°°V¤]¡C °ê¤ýªº·s¦ç¡A°ê¤ý¦Û¤v¤£ª¾²Û©ó¨£¤H¦Ó¤w¡A ªñ¦Ú¤S¤£«K«_¥Ç§g«Âª½¨¥¡C ªL°êÄÁ°õ¦æªø¦¹¦¸ªº ¤j»¶»¶ ¤º³¡¤H¡A ¬O¥L¦Û¤v¤£Ä±¦Ó¤w¡A ªk¤H°é¡A¥Í§Þ°é¡A ¤w¬°¤§ °¼¥Ø ¡C Ä@·N¶R¶iªº´N·|¿ðºÃ¡AªÑ»ùÃøº¦¨o ¡ã °J¤ßµ½·Nªº«ØijÃĵØÃĤ½¥q¡A ºM®ø ¤º³¡¤H À³¶Ò ¡C ¦pªG¤@©w»Ýn§â ¤º³¡¤H Â\µÛ¡A ´N¥[¤@¥y : ìªÑªF¨Ì¤ñ¨Òú´ÚÀu¥ý¡C ¤£¨¬¡A«h¥Ñ¤º³¡¤HÀ³¶Ò Á׶û¡A§ùµ´¦ÛªÎ½èºÃ¡C ªL°êÁé°õ¦æªø¡A2010¦~ªº¦ÛªÎ©xª§Ä³¡A¦Ü¤µ10¦~¤F¡A¤´¬O»´©öªº¥i¥Hgoogle¨ì¡C¦A¹L10¦~2030¦~¡A¥i¯à¤]¤´¬O¯d¦bgoogle¤W¡C ¦pªG³o¦¸°õ¤S°õ·N¦p¦¹¡A°Z¤£¬O¤S ¦h¤F¤@±ø ¦ÛªÎª§Ä³ ? ¥Bgoogle¯d¦s20¦~? 30¦~ ? ¤£ª¾¬O¨º¤@Ó ¤Ñ¤~¹õ¹±¡A«Øij ¤º³¡¤H ¡÷ À³¸Ó fired ¡ã¡@¡ã¡@ |
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·|û¡GºCºC¶]10142302 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 02:41:56²Ä 7193 ½g¦^À³
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³oª©¤W¨S¦³°ª¤â©Ô °ª¤âÁÙ·|®Mº¡¤â!!,¤â®M±a«Ü¤[,®M¤@°ï!!! ¤@ª½®M¶V®M¶V²`,¥ú¬O¼g³o¤@°ï¦³ªº¨S¦³ªº,ªÑ²¼´N«ÜÃøº¦ ´«¤@Àɦ³³o麽Ãø¶Ü¡H |
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·|û¡GLinbad10148532 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 02:39:37²Ä 7192 ½g¦^À³
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Ó¤HÆ[ÂI ¤£¦PÆ[ÂI§Ú¤]´L« ½×¾Â µo¨¥¤@©wnº¡¨¬§Aªº·N«ä¡H §Ú¬Ý¤£¥² ¾Ç§A «¢«¢¤j¯º ¦h²n |
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·|û¡GAnderson10143089 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 02:12:46²Ä 7191 ½g¦^À³
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³oӽ׾´N¬O¶^¨ì¥u³Ñ50¤]¬OÄ~Äò»¡¡G¤@ª½À£¡B¤@ª½¦¬¡C «¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢«¢¡C ¹ï°Õ¡A±ß¤W³Q°À£§É¡B¿ú°]³Q°¦¬¨«¡C |
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·|û¡GROGER588910148151 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 01:26:14²Ä 7190 ½g¦^À³
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²{¦b¸Ó¶Ë¸£¦a¬O¦h¤Ö¤~¬O¤º³¡¤H·Qnªº»ù!? [·|û¡Gandytom10148211 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/26 ¤W¤È 09:16:39²Ä 7159 ½g¦^À³ ´NºâªÑ»ù¤U¨Ó¤F¡A¦h¤Ö¤~¬O§Aªº¶R¶i»ù©O¡H¨Ì§Úªº¸gÅç¯uªº«Ü¶Ë¸£ªº¡I¦ó¥²©O¡H] |
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·|û¡GÀ³µL©Ò¦í10144738 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 01:04:42²Ä 7189 ½g¦^À³
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ª©¤W¦³°ª¤â ª¾¹D ¦³°ª°ª¤â ¤@ª½½æ ¤@ª½¦¬ «ùÄòÀ£§C ¦n´Î´Î ·Q¥²±M·~ªº°ª¤â¤w¹BÄw±cØò ¥ý½æ¤F µ¥§C»ù¦A¶R ¤jÁÈ®t»ù¬O¤£¡H |
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·|û¡G±i±Mû10145380 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 12:35:10²Ä 7188 ½g¦^À³
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³£¤w¶^¦¨³o¼Ë¤Sn¦^´ú¤W¦¸§CÂI¡A¥i¼¦¡C ÁÙ¦bª§½×¦p¦ó¼W¸ê¡A¨p¶Ò¡B¤º³¡¤H¡K¡K ¶^´N¶^þ¨Ó¤@ª½¥X¤@ª½À£¤@ª½¦¬¡H ¯u¬O°÷¤F¡A§AÌ¡C |
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·|û¡GLinbad10148532 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤U¤È 12:08:20²Ä 7187 ½g¦^À³
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·|û¡G¤p¥¿¥¿10142326 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤W¤È 11:10:08²Ä 7186 ½g¦^À³
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MPN Investigation & Discovery Can someone confirm that Roferon will be end of life 11/2019 as so has the producer and distributor informed pharmacies here in Finland and Pegasys has already taken from our market early this year for some reason, makes us PV or MPN persons desperate here This depends on country, region. Europe, Germany in particular sunset date is 2023. By then the BESREMi / Ropeginterferon will widely availible. Its already approved by EMA. |
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·|û¡GLinbad10148532 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤W¤È 10:28:23²Ä 7185 ½g¦^À³
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¬K©M´º©ú¤j¡A Æg¦P±zªºªì¤ß §ÚÌÀ³¸Ó³£¬O¬Ý¦nÃÄµØ ªøªø¤[¤[ªø´Áªº§ë¸ê¤H ¤£¬ÈªÑ»ù¤U¶^¡A³Q¦³¤ß¤H¬G·NÀ£§CªÑ»ù ¦Ó¨M¤£¥X²æ¤â¤¤«ùªÑ ºÊ·þÃÄµØ ¤£Åý¤º³¡¤H¦ÛªÎ °µ¥X¤£²Å¦X¤j²³ªÑªFªº¨Mµ¦ ¤¬«j¤§ |
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·|û¡G¬K©M´º©ú10141799 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤W¤È 10:06:05²Ä 7184 ½g¦^À³
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Linbad¤j¡A¤£¬O¦bÁ¿±z¡A§Ú¬O·Q»¡ªA¨ä¥L©Î³\¨IÀq¦a¦b¬Ý¥»°Q½×ª©ªº§ë¸ê¤H¡A¥H¤Î¤]³\¦³¦b¬ÝªOªº¤½¥q¤º³¡¤Hû §Úª¾¹D±z¤]¤£§Æ±æ¤Þ¸ê´c¦W¬L¹üªº¤jÆs¡A¶Ë®`¤pªÑªFÅv¯q¡A§Ú¤£¬O·Q©M±zª§½× ¨p¶Ò¥[¤W¥«³õ¦X¬ùñqªº¨Ò¤l¥i¤£¤Ö §Ú¤W¤@½g¤å¸Ì ÄQÅï°à°s§ë¸ê¬ü°ê¦w¶i´N¬O ³sµ²ªº¨º½g·s»D¥i¬O»¡¤F¡A¦w¶i§ä¸êª÷¬O³s¥xÆW³£§ä¤F ³Ì«á¬OÄQÅï°à°sÄ@·N§ë¸ê¡Aªþ±a¤é¥»¡B¥xÆW©MÁú°êªº±M§Q¾P°âÅv¤]³£®³¨«¤F www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20161205000060-260202?chdtv ³o½g·s»D¦³»¡ ³ß±dªí¥Ü¡A¸Ó¤½¥q»PÁɿյ᪺¦X§@½d³ò±N¤£©ó¤¤°ê¥Íª«¬Û¦üÃÄ¥«³õ¡A¤]²[»\¨ä¥L¥Íª«»s¾¯¥H¤Î¤¤°ê¥H¥~¥«³õ¡C ¬Ý§a¡A¤@¦¸¤JªÑ¡A¤£¥u¤¤°ê¥«³õ¡A³ß±dªí¥Ü¤¤°ê¥H¥~¥«³õ¤]¬O¦X§@½d³ò...... news.cnyes.com/news/id/4371648 µØ¦wÂå¾Ç¦³¨âÓ·sÃĦb¤G´Á¤µ¦~¸Ñª¼ µØ¦wÂå¾Ç»¡¤G¤j°Ó«~³£¤w¦³ 15 ²Õ¥H¤WªºÃļt±µÄ²·í¤¤...... ·s»D¤]³\¬O¸Ø¤j¡A¤]³\¬O¯uªº¦³³o»ò¦hÃļt·Q½Í±ÂÅv «Ü¦h¤½¥q³£ÀRÀRªº¤£·|»¡½Í§P¶i«× ¦ý¨S®ø®§¤£±aªíÃĨS»ùÈ¡A¨S¤H·Qn ¨p¶Ò¦]ªÑ»ù¶^¤F©Ò¥H¨ú®ø¡A¤£¥Nªí¨p©³¤U¨S¦³¦U¸ôªk¤H§ë¸ê°òª÷¦b±µÄ² §Æ±æ¤½¥q¤£n¬°¤Fµ¹ªÑªF¥æ¥N¡A´N¿ï¾Ü¥i¯à·¸»ù³Ì¦hªºÃļt...... |
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·|û¡GLinbad10148532 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤W¤È 09:43:26²Ä 7183 ½g¦^À³
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·|û¡GLinbad10148532 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/28 ¤W¤È 08:59:14²Ä 7182 ½g¦^À³
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§ä¤H¨p¶Ò©Î§äÃļt¨p¶Ò ´NÅý¥X¥«³õ¡H ¨p¶Ò¥u¬O§ä¸êª÷¡A§äªÑªF Åv§Q¸ò¤j衆ªÑ¥Á¤@¼Ë ¦pªGªþ±aÅý¥X¥«³õ¦X¬ù¡A¨º¥s°µ¹Ï§Q¥L¤H ¨º¥s儍 °êµo°òª÷¤ÎÄ£µØºâ¬O¥Ø«e³Ì¤jªºªÑªF ¾ãÓ¥«³õ³£Åýµ¹¥L̤F¸gÀç¡H ¨p¶Ò¹ï¶H«Ü«n §Ú»¡¹L¡A¤£n¬°¤F¿ú¡A¤Þ¤J ´c¦W¬L ¹üªº¤jÆsÄȤ£¾Ü¹ ²×¨s³Q¦Y±¼¡C §äAOP¨p¶Òªº«Øij¡A¥u¬OÓ¤H¤@´[±¡Ä@ªº·Qªk ¤£¥²·í¯u »¡¤£©wAOP¤@ÂIÂI¿³½ì³£¨S¦³ Ãĵؤ]¤£·|¦³¤H¡A´£¥X·Qªk´N·|·Ó°µ |
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·sÃĪѨÓÁ¿,Ãĵإi»¡¬O³Ì¨üÃöª`ªº,±q¤T´ÁÁ{§É,ÃÄÃÒ³q¹L,²{ª÷¼W¸ê,±ÂÅv°ÝÃD...µ¥µ¥,¨CÓÃö¥d³£³Q½|½,¯u¬OÓ©_ªI,¨ì©³ÃĵجO¦h»ò§l¤Þ§ë¸ê¤H,¦³¨Ç¾ú¥v©¹¨Æ¤@¦A³Q´£°_¤@¦A³Q°Q½×¥B¤]¤£ª¾°Q½×ªº¤è¦V¹ï¤£¹ï,Ó¤H»{¬°¥Ø«eÃĵتº§ë¸ê¤H¤w¸g¨ì¤F¤ß¸Ì±ªº§à¾Ü¶¥¬q,¦Ó¤ß²z±¬O»Ýn«D±`«D±`«D±`«D±`«D±`...§V¤Oªº¥h¤F¸Ñ³o¶¡¤½¥qªººØºØ,¤×¨ä¬O¤½¥q²£«~ªºÄvª§¤O,¦b¦¹§Ú¤]ºÉ¤@µ·µ·¤O¶q,«ØijºÉ¶q¥h¤F¸Ñ¥»ª©¹ï©óÃĵز£«~ªº°Q½×»Pª¾ÃÑ,¨ä¾lªº´N¤£n¤Ó¦b·N¤F |
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2019.08.15 ¨C¦¸po¦b¥²´Iºô¤§«á¡AÁ`¬O ¨S§¹¨S¤F¡C ¤]½}~ @¤ß¦A¦^ÂФ@¤U : (¤@) rabbit ¥S¥xªºÅÞ¿è¬O ¡§¹ïªº¡¨ ¡C 200¤¸ vs 120¤¸¡A ¡@ ¬O§_±Ä ¤½¶Ò¡B¨p¶Ò¡BCB ¡B¡B¡B¡A ¡@ ¬O§_À³¬¢ ¡§¤º³¡¤H¡¨ ¡A¥»¨Ó´N ¦]®É(¦]ªÑ»ù)¸m©y¡C (¤G)±i±Mû¥S¥x©Ò¨¥¡A´N¥H°¾·§¥þ¤F¡C ¡@¡@¦pªGªÑ»ù200¤¸ * ¨p¶Ò¥´8§é ¡÷ 160¤¸ : µ¹¤º³¡¤H»{¡A²§Ä³¤£¤j (??) ¡@¡@ªÑ»ù120¤¸ * ¨p¶Ò¥´8§é¡÷ 96¤¸ : ¬Û«H¤´¦³¬Û·íªÑªF¡A§Æ±æ¤ñ¨Ò»{Áʧa ! (¤T)ªü¤¤¥S¥x ¡K .. µ¥ : ¡@¡@¨p¶Ò : (1) °ê»Ú¤jÃļt¡A¤W¤U´å¼t°Ó¡A(°ê»Ú)ªk¤H³Ð§ë¡AµÛ¦W¬ì¾Ç®a ¡K. .. ¡@¡@ ¥H¤W±ªºÀ³¶Ò¤H¡A´N¤ñ¸û¨S¦³ª§Ä³¡C ¦pªG¥H ¡§Ó¤H¤á¡¨ ¡A ¡§¤º³¡¤H¡¨ »{ÁÊ¡A¤×¨ä¦bªÑ»ù§CÀÉ¡A(¥¼¨Ó¤S¦³ EMA¡AFDAÃÄÃÒ Ãzµo)¡A ª§Ä³´N¤j¤F¡C ³Ì¦n¬O¥ç¶}©ñ ìªÑªF ¤ñ¨Òµn°O¡A«h¥i¥H§K°£ª§Ä³¡C °£¤F¤Wz(1)ªº µ¦²¤¤H¤§¥~¡A ÁÙ¦³(2) ¯uªº¶Ò¤£¨ì¡C ³o®É¤]¬O±Ä ¨p¶Ò¡C ¦ý¤´·|Åwªï ìªÑªF¡A¤ñ¨Ò»{Áʪº ¡C( ex: ¥_·¥¬Pªº¨p¶Ò) ·íµM¡A¤£¨£±o¯à±Ä ¹sªÑ or 3¡B5±i ¡A¦ýY¥H10±i or 30±i ?? (´ê¹Î?)¡A¬Û«H¦b§@·~¤W¡A¨Ã¤£·|³Â·Ð¤]¡C ¡@¦L¶H¤¤¤@¨Ç¥¿¬£¤½¥q¡A(ÂE®ü¡BµØºÓ¡B¡B¡B¡B) ¡A¬°§K°£¦ÛªÎª§Ä³¡A ¤]³£´¿¶}©ñìªÑªF¤ñ¨Òµn°Oªº¡C (¥|) ¤j®a¥i¯à¹ï CB¤£¼ô¡A ³o¦¸µ¹ ¡§¤º³¡¤H¡¨ ªº¬O CB !! ¡@¡@¡÷ ªí¥Ü³o¨Ç¤º³¡¤º¡A¬Æ¦Ü §CÀÉ¡A¥´8§é ¡A¤]¤£·Q¾á·ÀI ¡@¡@¡÷ ±ÄCB ¡AÃĵغ¦¨ì 400¤¸ : ¼ÉÁÈ ¡C¶^¨ì 50¤¸ ¡÷ ¤]¨S·ÀI ! (¤)³Ì«áµ¹ ¤p¥øÃZ¥S¥x : ¥S¥x¥i¯àµy¦³¤õ®ð¤F ?? ´XÂI ¨Ñ ´L¾r°Ñ¦Ò : (1) ¡§¨p¶Ò¦³³¬Âê´Á,¨ä¹ê¤@¯Z¤pÃB§ë¸ê¤H®Ú¥»¤£·|¸ò¡¨ ¡@¡@ ¡÷ «D¤]¡A«¼C»{ÃѬ۷í¦hªºªB¤Í¡A³£«Ü¼Ö·Nªº¡C ¡@¡@¡@ 3¦~³¬Âê¡A¤£ºâªø¡C 8~10¦~¤~¸ûªø¡C (2) ¡§©Ò¥H§ÚÓ¤H»{¬°¨p¶Ò¹ï¶H¤~¬O«ÂI¡¨ ¡@ ¡÷ ³o´N«D±`¦P·N¤F¡C ´N¬O¦]¬°ÃĵجOµ¹ ¡§¤º³¡¤H¡¨ ¡A©Ò¥HÆ[·P¤£¨Î¡C ¡@¡@ ¦pªG¬Oµ¹ GSK ¡B¡B¤jÃļt ¡A 100%©ç¤â¥s¦n¡A¨S·N¨£ªº ! (3) ¡§ÁÙ¬O¤@¥y¸Ü¡A ¤£¬Û«H¤½¥q¨ä¹ê¥i¥H¤£»Ýn§ë¸ê¡A2¤dÀɪѲ¼¥ô§A¿ï¡¨ ¡@ ¡÷ «D¤]¡A«¼C¤å³¹¦³¨¥¡A¤£¬O²{¦b¤~©ñ°¨«á¬¶¡C «¼C¬OµÛ²´ ¡§·sÃIJ£·~¡¨ ¡AÃĵؤwÀòEMAÃÄÃÒ¡A¥þ¥xÆW·sÃĨú10®a¨ÓÆ[¹î¡AÃĵØÃÄÀ³¸Ó·|¦W¦C¨ä¤¤¡C ©Ò¥H§óÀ³¸Ón¦b¤½¥qªv²z¡A¨¬° ¡§«e10¦W¡¨ ªºªí²v¡A «h §ë¸ê¤H¹ï¥xÆW·sÃIJ£·~¡A¤~·|¦³«H¤ß¡C «¼C µÛ²´¬Æ¤j¡A(©Ò¥H´¿¤W®Ñ OTC§õ·R¬ÂÁ`¸g²z) ¡A¨Ã«D ¤p¥øÃZ·Qªº ¡§¶R¡B½æ¤@¤äªÑ²¼¡¨ (4) ¡§Ä±±o¤½¥q¹Hªk¥i¥H¥h¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö¥Ó§i¡¨ ¡÷ ¨S¦³¹Hªk¡C ¾Õ©ó§Q¥Îªk±ø¦Ó¤w¡C (5) ¡§¸gÀç¹L¤½¥q´Nª¾¹D¤º³¡«Ü¦h²Ó¸`¤£¬O¥~³¡¨«°¨¬Ýªá¥i¥HÅé·|¡¨ ¡÷ ³o¤Ï¦Ó¬O¤p¥øÃZ ¥S¥x ¬Ý±o¤£°÷¦h§a ! (?? ) «¼C¦b¥«³õ30¦h¦~¤F¡AÁÙ¯uªº¬O ¡§¬Ý¤F«Ü¦h¡¨ ¡A ¡§Åé·|«Ü²`¡¨ ! ¦Ü©ó±ÄCB¡BADR¡B¸ß°é¡B¯S©w¤H¡B¹Ô¤þ¡BCB©î¸Ñswap ¡B¡B¡B¡B¡B¡A ³o¨Çª÷¿Ä¹CÀ¸¡A¦¦b20¦h¦~«e¡A Áp¹qECB¡B¥xô¤jCB¡B ¡B¡A«¼C´N¤w«D±`¼ô¸Z¤F ! 20¦~«e¡A ¦pªG¥þ¥xÆWn¿ïºë©ó¦¹¹Dªº«e 100¤H¡A«¼CÅK©w¤J¿ï¡A¦³¦W¦³¸¹ ªº ! §Ú¹ï ÃĵØÃÄ ³o¦¸ªº ¨p¶Ò¡A¤´¬O ¡§¤£ªY½à¡¨¡G ªÑ»ù§CÀÉ¡AµM«á¥´8§é¡A¥¼¨ÓEMA/FDA ¦³Ãzµo¡A ¥u¦³¯S©w ¡§¤º³¡¤H¡¨¨É¥Î¡A ¨Ã«D°ê»Ú¤j¼t¬°À³¶Ò¤H¡A±ÄCB¤è¦¡Åý¤º³¡¤HÃÁȤ£½ß¡A ¦pªG¯uªº¤£®e©ö¶Ò¸ê¡÷À³¸Óµ¹ìªÑªF¦Pµ¥¾÷·| ¡K ¡K ¡K |
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·|û¡Gavandia10146474 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/15 ¤W¤È 11:50:48²Ä 7084 ½g¦^À³
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·|û¡Grabbit10136567 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/15 ¤W¤È 11:30:03²Ä 7083 ½g¦^À³
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¤§«e160~200¼W¸ê¥¢±Ñ³Q½|½¡A³o¦¸¤½¥q¼s¯ÇªÑ¥Á·N¨£±Ä¨p¶Ò¤è¦¡¡A«ç»ò¤SÂÛ¥X¹Ï§Q¯S©w¤H¤h¤§»¡©O¡H §A·Qn¶Ò°ª¤@ÂIªº»ù®æ¡AYì©lªÑªF¤£¶R±b¥¢±Ñ§¤¦¬¡A ¬Û¹ïªÑ»ù§CÀɮɡA§A¤£¦A¦¸°Ý°Ýì©lªÑªF¡A¤Ï¦Ó¥Î¨p¶Ò¡A¥»¨Ó´N¥i¥H¦X²z»¡¬O¹Ï§Q¬Y¨Ç¤H¤h¡A³oÅ޿観ԣ°ÝÃD? »ù®æ¤£¦P¥»¨Ó´N·|¼vÅT¼W¸êªº·NÄ@¡A³oÓ§A¤£À´? Ãĵؤ£À´? n¤£n¥ý°Ý°Ýì©lªÑªF¶R¤£¶R±b¡A¦A¨Ó¨p¶Ò«ÜÃø¶Ü? |
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·|û¡G¤p¥¿¥¿10142326 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/15 ¤W¤È 11:19:45²Ä 7082 ½g¦^À³
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www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2152265019300874?fbclid=IwAR3cnYtPNosjp9lSH2uaIXHAZ_XFGxQv0BxUA9yq7W9r-FNV51Xn_e5wj8E Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia Á{§É²O¤Ú½F°©Åè½F©M¥Õ¦å¯f Volume 19, Issue 8, August 2019, Pages e489-e495 *********¥H¤U¬°googleª½±µÂ½Ä¶¡A®£¦³¤£ºë½T¤§³B¡A·q½Ðª`·N************ Interferon Alpha Has a Strong Anti-tumor Effect in Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ¤zÂZ¯À£\¦b¶O«°³±©Ê°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¤¤¨ã¦³±j¯Pªº§Ü¸~½F§@¥Î Abstract Background Despite the important progress in the research of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), treatment options are still limited. Currently, a cytoreductive approach is the backbone treatment, with hydroxyurea (HU) being the most important agent. However, this drug is not always well-tolerated and has been questionably linked to a potential leukemogenic effect. A valid alternative is interferon alfa (IFN-£\), but it is reserved for selected patients owing to the more frequent side effects and the lack of final results from the studies directly comparing IFN-£\ with HU, which is why we provided the results of the so far largest real-life analysis. ºKn I´º ¾¨ºÞ°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¡]MPN¡^ªº¬ã¨s¨ú±o¤F«n¶i®i¡A¦ýªvÀø¤è®×¤´µM¦³¡C¥Ø«e¡A²ÓM´î·À³N¬O°©·FªvÀø¡Aßm°ò脲¡]HU¡^¬O³Ì«nªºÃĪ«¡CµM¦Ó¡A³oºØÃĪ«¨Ã¤£Á`¬O@¨ü¨}¦n¡A¨Ã¥B»P¼ç¦bªº¥Õ¦å¯f§@¥Î¦³Ãö¡C¤@ºØ¦³®Äªº´À¥N¤è®×¬O°®ÂZ¯À£\¡]IFN-£\¡^¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó§óÀWÁcªº°Æ§@¥Î¥H¤Îª½±µ¤ñ¸ûIFN-£\»PHUªº¬ã¨s¯Ê¥F³Ì²×µ²ªG¡A¦]¦¹«O¯dµ¹¿ï©wªº±wªÌ¡A³o´N¬O§ÚÌ´£¨Ñµ²ªGªºì¦]¡C¨ì¥Ø«e¬°¤î³Ì¤jªº²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤ÀªR¡C Patients and Methods From 2000 to 2016, 63 patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN prospectively received either HU or IFN-£\. ±wªÌ©M¤èªk ±q2000¦~¨ì2016¦~¡A63¦W±w¦³¶O«°³±©ÊMPNªº±wªÌ«e¤©Ê¦a±µ¨ü¤FHU©ÎIFN-£\¡C Results During a median follow-up period of 121 months (range, 88-168 months), 97% of the patients treated with IFN-£\ achieved a hematologic response (60% complete, 37% partial) compared with 78% in the HU group (56% complete, 20% partial; P < .01). Molecular responses were limited to patients treated with IFN-£\. IFN-£\ was well-tolerated with no secondary malignancy, whereas HU was associated with more toxic events and cases of leukemic transformation. A significantly longer progression-free survival (5.0 vs. 3.1 years; P < .001) and overall survival (7.8 vs. 5.8 years; P = .006) were observed in the IFN-£\ group compared with the HU cohort. µ²ªG ¦b121Ӥ몺¤¤¦ìÀH³X´Á¶¡¡]½d³ò88-168Ó¤ë¡^¡A97¢HªºIFN-£\ªvÀø±wªÌ¹F¨ì¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡]60¢H§¹¦¨¡A37¢H³¡¤À¡^¡A¦ÓHU²Õ¬°78¢H ¡]§¹¦¨56¢H¡A³¡¤À20¢H; P <.01¡^¡C¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¶È©ó¥ÎIFN-£\ªvÀøªº±wªÌ¡C IFN-£\@¨ü©Ê¨}¦n¡AµLÄ~µo©Ê´c©Ê¸~½F¡A¦ÓHU»P§ó¦h¬r©Ê¨Æ¥ó©M¥Õ¦å¯fÂà¤Æ¯f¨Ò¦³Ãö¡C»PHU²Õ¬Û¤ñ¡A¦bIFN-£\²Õ¤¤Æ[¹î¨ìÅãµÛ§óªøªºµL¶i®i¦s¬¡¡]5.0¹ï3.1¦~; P <.001¡^©MÁ`¦s¬¡¡]7.8¹ï5.8¦~; P = .006¡^¡C Conclusion Our data support IFN-£\ as a more valid therapeutic option owing to its more profound hematologic responses, durable molecular remissions, long-term disease control, and reduced risk of leukemic transformation with a favorable toxicity profile. µ²½× §Ú̪º¼Æ¾Ú¤ä«ùIFN-£\§@¬°§ó¦³®ÄªºªvÀø¿ï¾Ü¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨ã¦³§ó²`¨èªº¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡A«ù¤[ªº¤À¤l½w¸Ñ¡Aªø´Á¯e¯f±±¨î¡A¥H¤Î¨ã¦³¨}¦n¬r©Ê¯S¼xªº¥Õ¦å¯fÂà¤Æ·ÀI°§C¡C |
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¬Ý¬Ý¯E¹©,½Ö¦bª±¿ß¿°? ¯E¹©¡G20»õ¤¸²{¼W´Ú ¥þ¼Æ¦¬¨¬ 2019-06-14 15:07¸gÀÙ¤é³ø °OªÌ¶À¤å©_¢¬§Y®É³ø¾É ¯E¹©¡]4174¡^¤µ¡]14¡^¤é¤½§i....¥]¬Ap¦³ªÑªF¡B¯S©w¤H³£¤w¸g§¹¦¨¦¹¦¸²{¼Wú´Ú¡AÁ`ªÑ´Ú20.25»õ¤¸¤w¸g¥þ¼Æ¦¬¨¬¡C |
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¤§«e²{¼W.¾ÉP¤@°ï½æ¦ÑªÑ¥ô·sªÑ,©Ò¥H¤j®a¤~«Øij¨p¶Ò ¦]¬°¨p¶Ò¦³³¬Âê´Á,¨ä¹ê¤@¯Z¤pÃB§ë¸ê¤H®Ú¥»¤£·|¸ò ¦pªG±q¤½¥qªº¸gÀ稤«×¨Ó¬Ý ¨p¶Ò¹ï©óªÑÅv¶°¤¤©Méw·|¤ñ¸û¦³À°§U ©Ò¥H§ÚÓ¤H»{¬° ¨p¶Ò¹ï¶H¤~¬O«ÂI ¦Ü©ó¥ÎþºØ¤èªkÂX¥RÀç¹B¸êª÷ ²{¼W/CB/GDR/¨p¶Ò ¹ï©ó¤@¯Z¤pÃB§ë¸ê¤H³£¨S®t ¥Ø«e´N¬OªÑ»ù¤Ó§C ©Ò¥H³£©¹t±«ä¦Ò ÁÙ¬O¤@¥y¸Ü¡A ¤£¬Û«H¤½¥q¨ä¹ê¥i¥H¤£»Ýn§ë¸ê 2¤dÀɪѲ¼¥ô§A¿ï ı±o¤½¥q¹Hªk¥i¥H¥h¥DºÞ¾÷Ãö¥Ó§i ¸gÀç¹L¤½¥q ´Nª¾¹D¤º³¡«Ü¦h²Ó¸` ¤£¬O¥~³¡¨«°¨¬Ýªá¥i¥HÅé·| |
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·|û¡G«¼CµL¾W10030199 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/15 ¤W¤È 08:57:58²Ä 7076 ½g¦^À³
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ºÉ¤@µ·µ· ¤O¶q¡A©ó ·sÃÄ ²£·~ ¡A©Ò¥H¦Aµo¨¥½×z¡AÁB¥¿¤@¤U¡C (´XÓ¤ë«e¡A«¼C¬Æ¦Ü¤W®Ñ OTC§õÁ`¡A¤O³¯ ¤½¥qªv²zªº«n ! ) ÃĵØÃÄ¡A³QOTC»@¹L´X¦¸¤F¡C ¼Æ¦~«e¤]¬O ¦ÛªÎ ©x¥q ¡AGenetµ¥¤@ª½ºÊ·þ¤]¬O¨ä¨Ó¦³¦Û¡C ¤pªÑªFÌ¡AÁöµM¤O¶q¦³¡AªÑªF·|ªí¨M¬O»·»· »·»· »·»· ¤£°÷¤Oªº¡C ¦ý¦pªG²{³õ 100Ó ¤pªÑªF¡A³£¬O«ã§q¡A(µM«á°OªÌ³ø¾É)¡A¤½¥q¬£¤]¥u¦nÅý¨B ! ¦pªG¤pªÑªF ¤]¸òµÛ¥s¦n or µL©Ò¿× ¡A«h¤½¥q¬£ ¡@§ó¤è«K ¥i¨£¦Û¤v¤H¤]«Ü¬Ý¦n ?? ¡÷ «D¤] «D¤] ! ªÑ»ù¶W§CÀÉ¡AµM«á¥Î: (1)¨p¶Ò¡A¥u¦³¯S©w¤º³¡¤H¥i¥H¨É¨ü (2)¨p¶Ò¡A¦b©ó§CÀÉ¡A¦A¥´8§éµ¹¯S©w¤º³¡¤H (3)µM«á¤£¥Î Equity ¡A¥Î CB ¡A ¡÷ ªí¥Ü³o¨Ç¤º³¡¤º¡A¬Æ¦Ü §CÀÉ¡A¥´8§é ¡A¤]¤£·Q¾á·ÀI ¡÷ ±ÄCB ¡AÃĵغ¦¨ì 400¤¸ : ¼ÉÁÈ ¡C¶^¨ì 50¤¸ ¡÷ ¤]¨S·ÀI ! »¡¤º³¡¤H¡Aµ¦²¤¤H ? §CÀɧ䤣¨ì¤H»{ÁÊ CB ?? ¥Õ·ö¸Ü¡C ¤½¥qªº °ª¶¥¥DºÞ¡A¥»¨Ó´N¬O (¤p)ªÑªF©^¾i 300¸U¡ã1500¸Uªº Á~¸ê& ºÖ§Q ¦pªG ¤j¤½µL¨p ¡A·íµM¬O ¶}©ñìªÑªF¡A¨Ì¤ñ¨Ò¡A»{ÁÊC¢Ð¡C ¡÷»{Áʤ£¨¬¡A ¤~¥Ñ ¤jªÑªF ? ¤º³¡¤H ? ¬¢¦^¡C ³o¼Ë¤~¦X²z¡C ¤pªÑªFÌ¡A¤£n³´¤Jª¼ÂI ! ¤Ñ¦ö¥xÆW ·sÃIJ£·~ ! |
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·|û¡GROGER588910148151 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/15 ¤W¤È 07:35:55²Ä 7075 ½g¦^À³
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¨Æ«á½Ñ¸¯! 200¤¸®É¥Î¨p¶Ò,«¥®a¨S¸Ü»¡.²{¦bªº»ù¦ì±Ä¨p¶Ò,¥u·|§¤¹ê¤½¥q¬£Àq³\¬Æ©Î°t¦X²Î¤@¤j¤á§|±þ§ë¸ê¤Hªº»¡ªk! |
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·|û¡Gªü¤¤10143502 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/14 ¤U¤È 11:09:42²Ä 7074 ½g¦^À³
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¨p¶Ò¹ï¶H¿ï¾Ü¤§¥Øªº¡G¥»¦¸¨p¶Ò´¶³qªÑÀ³¶Ò¤H©|¥¼¬¢©w¡A¦]¤º³¡¤H¹ï¤½ ¥q¤§Àç¹B¬Û¹ï¤F¸Ñ¡A¬°´£°ª¥»¤½¥q¨p¶Ò¦³»ùÃҨ餧¥i¦æ©Ê¡A¥»¦¸¨p¶Ò¦³ »ùÃҨ鬢¸ß¤§À³¶Ò¤HÀÀ¥]¬A¤º³¡¤H¡C¬¢©w¯S©w¤H¤§¬ÛÃö¨Æ©yÀÀ´£½ÐªÑªF ·|±ÂÅv¸³¨Æ·|¥þÅv¬°¤§¡C ¥i¨£¦Û¤v¤H¤]«Ü¬Ý¦n |
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·|û¡GROGER588910148151 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/14 ¤U¤È 10:02:33²Ä 7073 ½g¦^À³
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±qPublished:Thursday,Aug 08,2019¨Ó¬Ý¬O·s,¦ýÀ˵ø°Q½×¤º®e¸ê®Æ,·Pı¬O2,3¦~«e¿ý»s²{¦b©ñ¤W¥h£x! ¦P¤@¦ì±M®aªº¥t¤@®M»¡ªk Orz. Jamile M. Shammo, MD:there are several options for treating patients who have polycythemia vera. You have a low- dose patient, perhaps phlebotomy, and a low-dose aspirin is reasonable. If you have a patient who has high-risk disease and you need cytoreduction, there are several options. Hydrea is one of the most commonly utilized. You may utilize it in conjunction with phlebotomy, but at some point, those patients should become phlebotomy-free. Alternatively, interferon is the other agent that people utilize. I have utilized it for young women who are of child-bearing age and they are interested in having a family¡Xhence Hydrea is not an option¡Xso then interferon is reasonable. And obviously, there are clinical trials comparing and contrasting the 2 agents upfront and we have to wait for the data. [·|û¡GAlan Liu10136094 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/14 ¤U¤È 08:54:05²Ä 7071 ½g¦^À³ Interferon¡¦s Role in Treating Polycythemia Vera¤zÂZ¯À¦bPV¾AÀ³¯gªº©w¦ì] |
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·|û¡GROGER588910148151 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/14 ¤U¤È 09:16:28²Ä 7072 ½g¦^À³
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JAK2¬O¥@¬É卫¥Í组织¡]WHO¡^2016¦~MPN¤À类«ü«n¤¤诊断©Ò¦³MPNªº¥Dn标ã¡C 2018¦~¤w¦³¯à°÷ÀË´úJAK2¬ðÅܸվ¯²°ÀòFDA§åã¤W¥«! 2018¦~1¤ë:诊断°©Åè¼W¥Í肿½F¡Aº´ÚJAK2测试获FDA§åã new.qq.com/omn/20180125/20180125B03GWP.html Qiagenªñ¤é«Å¥¬FDA许¥i¤F该¤½¥q¥Î¤_诊断©Ò¦³°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê肿½F¡]MPNs¡^ªºipsogen JAK2 RGQ PCR试剂²°¡]ipsogen JAK2 assay¡^¡C这项许¥i¬OFDA§åã©Î许¥iªº²Ä¤»个Qiagen个Ê^¤Æ医疗肿½F¬Û关测试¡C......Qiagenªº°ª级°Æ总µôݤÀ¤l诊断业务领°ì负责¤HThierry Bernard¥ý¥Í说¡G¡§§Ú们¢¤Á§Æ±æ¦bÆΪxªº¬ü国±wªÌ¸sÊ^¤¤扩¤j¨Ï¥ÎJAK2测试¡A这项测试¤w经¦b欧¬w©M¨ä¥L¥«场¤W¨Ï¥Î¡C§Ú们ªºJAK2测试¨Ï±o¦å²G学®a©M肿½F学®a§ó®e©ö¿í´`±À¯òªº诊断测试ºâªk©M国际«ü«n¡A来诊断ºÃ¦ü±w¦³MPNªº±wªÌ¡C¡¨ ¸`¿ý:Alanliu¤j:.....JAK2¬ðÅܬO¥t¤@¶µ°Q½×¤è¦V...¦pªG±q·§©À¤WÁ¿¡A¦pªGn¹F¨ìªv¡¼Ð·Ç¡A¨º»ò®Ú°£¬ðÅܪº§J¶©¤~¦³·N¸q¡C¤j¦h¼Æ¹êÅç«Ç©|¥¼¨¬°÷¥h±`ºA©ÊºÊ´ú] |
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·|û¡GAlan Liu10136094 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/14 ¤U¤È 08:54:05²Ä 7071 ½g¦^À³
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Interferon¡¦s Role in Treating Polycythemia Vera ¤zÂZ¯À¦bPV¾AÀ³¯gªº©w¦ì www.onclive.com/peer-exchange/myeloproliferative-neoplasms-management/interferons-role-in-treating-polycythemia-vera?fbclid=IwAR3OM9sPZg-iNzBwtguE0N4eZWbZHQ7qbWipm7kt6WOxj3gOL9E-CBUrn7Q Published: Thursday, Aug 08, 2019 µoªí¤é´Á¡G2019¦~8¤ë8¤é Harry P. Erba, MD, PhD: We¡¦ve talked a lot about hydroxyurea and ruxolitinib, but interferon is still out there. Jamile, in which patients would you even consider interferon? Are there any data to support its use over hydroxyurea? §Ṳ́w¸g½Í½×«Ü¦h¦³Ãö©óHU©MJAKAFiªº³¡¤À¡A¦ý¤zÂZ¯À¤´¦b°Q½×¤§¥~¡CJamile, ¬Æ»ò¼Ëªº¯f±w±z·|¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î¤zÂZ¯ÀªvÀø¡H¦³¥ô¦óªº¼Æ¾Ú¥i¥H¤ä«ù¨Ï¥ÎHU¥H¥~ªºªvÀø¡H Jamile M. Shammo, MD, FASCP, FACP: I don¡¦t consider interferon for people who are interested in having children, women or men of child-bearing age, obviously. The data on interferon come from 2 sources. There¡¦s the MPN [myeloproliferative neoplasm] Research Consortium trial, and then there¡¦s the PROUD-PV, which is a multicenter, randomized, phase III study looking at ropeginterferon, which is a mono-pegylated interferon, a cleaner version, essentially. §Ú¤£¦Ò¼{¨Ï¥Î¤zÂZ¯ÀªvÀø©ó¦³pµe¥Í¨|ªº¹ï¶H¡C¥Ø«e¤zÂZ¯ÀªºªvÀø¼Æ¾Ú¥Dn¬O¨âÓ¨Ó·½¡C¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¬O¦³°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¬ã¨sÁp·ù(MPN Research Consortium)Á{§É¸ÕÅç¡A¦A¨Ó´N¬OPROUD-PV¡A³o¬O¤@¶µ¦h¤¤¤ß¡BÀH¾÷ªºÁ{§É¤T´Á¬ã¨s¡A¬ã¨sªº¬OÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥Nªø®Ä«¬¤zÂZ¯ÀP1101¡A³o¬O§ó¯Âªº¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¬O¤@ºØ³æ¤@ªø®Ä«¬¤zÂZ¯À¡C They randomized patients who had PV [polycythemia vera] to either the ropeginterferon or hydroxyurea. Now, they allowed patients who had PV who have been treated with up to 3 years of Hydrea. Those weren¡¦t necessarily treatment-naïve, and the primary endpoint was to look at complete hematological response at 12 months. The definition of that was absence of splenomegaly, freedom from phlebotomy for at least 3 months, and normalization of the counts. Now, interestingly, at the 12-month mark, there was really no difference. This was a noninferiority trial, so there was no difference between the 2 agents. ¥ḺNPV¯f±wÀH¾÷¤À°t¨ìÃĵØÃÄ·s¤@¥Nªø®Ä«¬¤zÂZ¯ÀP1101©ÎHU¡C¥Ḻµ¨ü´¿¨Ï¥ÎHUªvÀø¤T¦~ªºPV¯f±w¡A¥¼¥²¬OPVªº·s¯f±w¡C¥DnÀø®Ä«ü¼Ð¦b©ó12Ó¤ë®Éªº§¹¾ã¦å²G¾Ç¤ÏÀ³¡C©w¸q¥]§t¨S¦³µÊ¸~¤j¡B¦Ü¤Ö3Ӥ뤣»Ý©ñ¦å¡A¨Ã¥B¼Æ¦r¦^¨ì¼Ð·ÇÈ¡C¦³½ìªº¬O¡A³o¶µ¸ÕÅç¦b12Ӥ몺®É¶¡¸ÌÀø®Ä¨S¦³°Ï§O¡A³o¬O¤@¶µ«D¦H©Ê¸ÕÅç¡C The 24-month follow-up did seem to suggest that perhaps responses are a little bit more robust in the interferon, and particularly when it comes to molecular responses. I think the word is still out on whether it¡¦s the compound itself as opposed to Pegasys, and we¡¦ll hear more from Ruben about the next trial. ¬°´Á24Ӥ몺ÀH¾÷¸ÕÅç«hÃÒ¹ê¤zÂZ¯Àªº¤ÏÀ³²v§ó¦n¡A¯S§O¬O¦b¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡C§Ú·Q³o¨Ç¼Æ¾Ú¥Dn¦b©ó¥¦¥»¨ªºµ²ºc¤£¦P©óù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasys¡A§Ú̱N·|±qRuben±Ð±Â¤¤Å¥¨ìÃö©ó¤U¤@¦¸¸ÕÅ窺§ó¦h¸ê°T¡C Harry P. Erba, MD, PhD: Ruben? Ruben ±Ð±Â¡H Ruben A. Mesa, MD, FACP: The second study is with the pegylated interferon alfa-2a developed by Roche and Genentech, so slightly different formulation than the ropeg [ropeginterferon], which Jamile had mentioned with the other study. This was through the MPN Research Consortium, of which Rami is a fellow member, and that is an NCI [National Cancer Institute]-supported P01 grant that supports this small, cooperative group doing these studies. Many of us, including Mary Frances and others, were involved with the development and the conduct of this study. Mesa ±Ð±Â¡G²Ä¤G¶µ¬ã¨s¬O¥Ñù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasys¡A³o»PJamileè´£¨ìªº·s¤@¥Nªø®Ä«¬¤zÂZ¯À²¤¦³¤£¦P¡C³o¶µ¸ÕÅç¬O³z¹L°©Åè¼W¥Í©Ê¸~½F¬ã¨sÁp·ù¡ARami¬O¦¨û¤§¤@¡A°ê®aÀù¯g¬ã¨s¨ó·|(NCI)©Ò¼·´Ú¤ä«ùªº¬ã¨s¡C§Ų́䤤¦³³\¦h¤H¡A¥]¬AMary Frances©M¨ä¥L¤H³£°Ñ»P¤F³o¶µ¬ã¨sªº¬ÛÃöªº¬ãµo¡C What this study demonstrated most clearly was that at a year, for high-risk patients, hydroxyurea and pegylated interferon were equivalent. There¡¦s a subtlety between the 2 drugs in terms of adverse effects and response, but clearly, both were efficacious as frontline for helping to decrease that risk of thrombosis or bleeding. They clearly both had an impact on symptoms, although some very bitterly, including some toxicities that were a bit more on the interferon side, such as fatigue or flu-like symptoms, and some others on the hydroxyurea side. ³o¶µ¬ã¨s¼Æ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¥X¡A¦b¤@¦~´ÁªºªvÀø´Á¶¡¡A¹ï©ó°ª·ÀI¯f±w¡AHU©Mù¤ó¤zÂZ¯ÀPegasys¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡C¦b¤£¨}¤ÏÀ³©M¤ÏÀ³²v¤è±¡A¨âºØÃĪ«¤§¶¡¦³¨Ç®t²§¡C¦ýÅãµM¨âºØÃĪ«³£¦³§U©ó°§C¦å®ê§Î¦¨©Î¥X¦åªº·ÀI¡C¥¦Ì³£¹ï¾AÀ³¯g³£¬O¦³Àø®Äªº¡AÁöµM¯f±w»Ýn§Ô¨ü¤zÂZ¯Àªº¬r©Ê¦p¯h³Ò©Î¬y·P¯gª¬©Î¬O¹³HU³o¼Ëªº¬ÛÃö¬r©ÊªºµhW¡C Now, the study had limitations in terms of power, duration, and length of therapy due to a variety of implications in terms of access to the drug and other things. What we¡¦re not able to answer is, at 5 years or 10 years, is interferon a better therapy? It may well be, in terms of a better, longer-term control of the disease over hydroxyurea. Although this study, by those limitations, isn¡¦t able to answer that. I would say the discussion I have with patients currently is around that initial cytoreductive therapy. I think these 2 studies do support that interferon is a reasonable alternative for hydroxyurea as your frontline therapy¡Xfor younger patients, women of child-bearing potential, people at higher risk of skin cancers, and any number of things, but I think it¡¦s a solid frontline consideration. ¨ü©óÀø®Ä¡B¦³®Ä´Á¶¡¥H¤ÎªvÀø®É¶¡ªº§½©Ê¡A§Ú̥ثeµLªk¦^µª¦bªø¹F5¦~¦Ü10¦~ªºªvÀø®É¶¡¡A¤zÂZ¯À¬O§_§ó¦nªºªvÀø¤è¦¡¡H±q¯gª¬ªº±±¨î¨Ó»¡¡A¤]³\¤zÂZ¯À¬O¤ñHU§ó¦nªºªvÀø¿ï¾Ü¡CÁöµM¨ü©óÁ{§É¬ã¨sºØºØ¨î¡A²{¦b¤´µLªk¦^µª³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C§Ú¥Ø«e»P¯f±wªº°Q½×¬O¦bªì´Áªº²ÓM´î·ÀÀøªk¡A§Ú»{¬°³o¨â¶µ¬ã¨s½T¹ê¤ä«ù¤zÂZ¯À¦X²z¨ú¥NHU¦¨¬°¤@½uªvÀø¥ÎÃÄ¡AªvÀø©ó¦~»´ªº¯f±w¥H¤Î¦³¥Í¨|p¹ºªº¤k©Ê¡B°ª·ÀI¥Ö½§Àùªº¤H¥H¤Î¨ä¥L¡A¦ý§@¬°¤@½u¥ÎÃĪvÀø²@µLºÃ°Ý¡C Harry P. Erba, MD, PhD: Before these trials, there were experiences, phase II studies, showing that you can actually have molecular response decrease in the JAK2 allele burden. Mary Frances, is this something important? Should we be monitoring JAK2 allele burdens with interferon or ruxolitinib, and has it translated into any important endpoints? ¦b³o¨Ç¸ÕÅ礧«e¡A¦³Á{§É¤G´Áªº¼Æ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¥X¥i¥H´î¤ÖJAK2µ¥¦ì°ò¦]t²üªº¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¡CMary Frances¡A±z»{¬°³o¥ó¨Æ«n¶Ü¡H§Ú̬O§_À³¸ÓÆ[¹î¤zÂZ¯À©ÎJAK2µ¥¦ì°ò¦]t¾áªº¼Æ¾Ú¡A¨Ã¥B§@¬°¤@¶µ«nªºÀø®Ä«ü¼Ð¡H Mary Frances McMullin, MD, FRCP, FRCPath: Not yet. I don¡¦t think we know whether it¡¦s important. Then you get to JAK2 mutation, the primary event, and that¡¦s another full discussion, but certainly in the French interferon trials, some of them had major decreases in the JAK2 burden. PROUD-PV starts to show a small decrease in the JAK2 burden. Then, some of the French patients were able to come off treatment, although it was a phase II, yet there was no control group. That may be important, but we really don¡¦t know. Again, conceptually, if you¡¦re thinking what you want to do to cure the disease, getting rid of the mutant clone would make sense. Most laboratories don¡¦t have enough for routine monitoring yet, and I don¡¦t think you¡¦re going to change treatment on the basis of the allele burden, but I think that may be where we want to go in the future. ÁÙ¨S¦³¡A§ÚÌ©|¥¼½T»{³o¬O§_«n¡CJAK2¬ðÅܬO¥t¤@¶µ°Q½×¤è¦V¡A¦ý¦bªk°êªº¤zÂZ¯ÀÁ{§É¤¤¡A¬O¦³¨ä¤¤¤@¨Ç¯f±wJAK2µ¥¦ì°ò¦]t¾á¤j´T¤U°¡CPROUD-PV¼Æ¾Ú§e²{¥XJAK2µ¥¦ì°ò¦]t¾á²¤¦³¤U°¡C¦³¨Çªk°ê¯f±w¦bÁ{§É¤G´Á±µ¨üªvÀø¡A¦ý³o¨S¦³¹ï·Ó²Õ¡C¤]³\³o¬O«nªº¡A¦ý§Ú̥ثe¯uªº¤£¤F¸Ñ¡C¨ä¦¸¡A¦pªG±q·§©À¤WÁ¿¡A¦pªGn¹F¨ìªv¡¼Ð·Ç¡A¨º»ò®Ú°£¬ðÅܪº§J¶©¤~¦³·N¸q¡C¤j¦h¼Æ¹êÅç«Ç©|¥¼¨¬°÷¥h±`ºA©ÊºÊ´ú¡A§Ú·Q§A¤£·|®Ú¾Úµ¥¦ì°ò¦]t¾á¨Ó°µ¬°ªvÀø¤èªk¡A¦ý³o¥i¯à¬O§ÚÌ¥¼¨Ó·Qnªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C Harry P. Erba, MD, PhD: Outside of a research setting, it doesn¡¦t sound like anyone monitors this for guiding therapy or recommends it. ¬ã¨s¥H¥~¡AÅ¥°_¨Ó¤£¹³¥ô¦ó¤H¦³ºÊ±±³oӼƾڰµ¬°ªvÀø¤è¦V¡C Ruben A. Mesa, MD, FACP: We continue to look for the equivalent of a BCR-ABL¡Vtype monitoring level. Unfortunately, I don¡¦t think JAK2 V617F is it. §ÚÌ«ùÄò§ä¥X¥iºÊ±±µ¥¦P©óBCR-ABL¿Ä¦X°ò¦]ªº¾÷¨î¡C¤£©¯ªº¬O¡A§Ú¤£»{¬°JAK2 V617F¬ðÅܬO¡C Harry P. Erba, MD, PhD: OK. Rami Komrokji, MD: Other mutations can sometimes be helpful. The presence of other mutations, whether it¡¦s in terms of disease risk assessment, or sometimes predicting therapy. For example, with interferon, I think there are some data suggesting, for example, if patients have an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation, they may not benefit from the treatment. As mentioned, I don¡¦t think we monitor this on a regular basis in the clinic. ¨ä¥L¬ðÅܦ³®É·|¦³©ÒÀ°§U¡C¦pÆ[¹î¨ä¥L¬ðÅܥΨӶi¦æ¯e¯f·ÀIµû¦ô¡A©Î°¸º¸¥Î©óªvÀøªº¹w´ú¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¦pªG¯f±w¦³IDH1©ÎIDH2¬ðÅÜ¡A¨º¤zÂZ¯ÀªvÀø¤]³\µLªk±q¤¤Àò¯q¡C¦p¤W©Òz¡A§Ú»{¬°§Ṳ́@¯ë¤£·|¦b¶E©Ò©w´ÁºÊ´ú³o¨Ç¡C |
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·|û¡Gªü¤¤10143502 µoªí®É¶¡:2019/8/14 ¤U¤È 05:49:28²Ä 7070 ½g¦^À³
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